PRENATAL PCB EXPOSURE AND ACUTE STRESS REACTIVITY

描述：该应用程序提出测试假设，年轻 妊娠期暴露于环境中的儿童（10岁） 安大略湖鱼类中发现的有毒物质（例如，多氯联苯、汞、镉）将 对急性应激反应过度初步证据表明 a）妊娠期接触污染物最多的新生儿， 安大略湖的鱼有明显较差的适应性恢复， 对刺激反应过度，和B）在6个月、4岁和6岁时 这些孩子表现出情绪失调情绪失调是 经常与心血管疾病和 皮质醇对急性应激的反应，然而，心理生理反应 尚未在妊娠期暴露于 环境毒物确定这些环境影响 有毒物质对急性应激的心理生理反应是重要的， 证据表明：a）心血管反应性升高或延长， 与病理生理过程相关（例如，血管变化，脂质 动员），和B）皮质醇反应性升高与 精神病理过程（例如，社会退缩，焦虑）。拟议 一项研究调查了目前参与研究的儿童对急性压力的反应 在奥斯韦戈新生儿和婴儿发展项目中， 对1991年至1994年接受采访的224名妇女所生子女的研究。 目前存在关于这些儿童的大量数据，包括背景资料。 社会人口特征（例如，社会经济地位、产妇保健 行为）和妊娠期毒物暴露水平， 饮食回忆和脐带血水平拟议的实验室方案将 提供a）情绪、心血管和皮质醇反应性的评估， 轻度压力事件，和B）评估一些心理社会 变量（例如，焦虑、抑郁）。本建议的重要特点 研究包括：（a）目前参与一项 纵向研究，因此没有新的招募，B）评估a 妊娠期暴露于环境中的各种可能后果 毒物，包括情绪、心血管和皮质醇反应，以及c） 将这些情绪和心理生理结果与 这些儿童的大量现有数据集（例如，认知功能）。

DESCRIPTION: This application proposes to test the hypothesis that young children (10 years of age) with gestational exposure to the environmental toxicants found in Lake Ontario fish (e.g., PCBs, mercury, cadmium) will exhibit exaggerated responses to acute stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that a) newborns with highest gestational exposure to contaminants found in Lake Ontario fish have significantly poorer habituation recoveries and appear to overreact to stimulation, and b) at 6 months, 4 years, and 6 years of age these children show emotional dysregulation. Emotional dysregulation is frequently associated with corresponding increases in cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute stress, however, psychophysiological reactivity has not yet been investigated in humans with gestational exposure to environmental toxicants. Determining the effects of these environmental toxicants on psychophysiological reactivity to acute stress is important given evidence that a) heightened or prolonged cardiovascular reactivity is associated with pathophysiological processes (e.g., vascular changes, lipid mobilization), and b) heightened cortisol reactivity is associated with psychopathological processes (e.g., social withdrawal, anxiety). The proposed study examines reactivity to acute stress in children currently participating in the Oswego Newborn and Infant Development Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of 224 children born to women interviewed between 1991 and 1994. Extensive data currently exists for these children, including background sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status, maternal health behaviors) and gestational toxicant exposure levels determined by maternal dietary recall and cord blood levels. The proposed laboratory protocol will provide a) assessment of emotional, cardiovascular, and cortisol reactivity to mildly stressful events, and b) assessment of a number of psychosocial variables (e.g., anxiety, depression). Important features of this proposed study include a) the participation of children currently involved in a longitudinal study and, therefore, no new recruitment, b) an assessment of a full range of possible consequences of gestational exposure to environmental toxicants, including emotional, cardiovascular, and cortisol reactivity, and c) the ability to relate these emotional and psychophysiological outcomes to the large set of existing data for these children (e.g., cognitive functioning).