PRENATAL PCB EXPOSURE AND ACUTE STRESS REACTIVITY

描述：这个应用程序建议测试以下假设 孕期暴露于环境中的儿童(10岁) 在安大略湖鱼中发现的有毒物质(如多氯联苯、汞、镉)将 对急性压力表现出夸张的反应。初步证据表明 A)孕期接触污染物最多的新生儿 安大略湖鱼的习性恢复明显较差，似乎 对刺激反应过度，b)在6个月、4岁和6岁时 这些孩子表现出情绪失调。情绪失调是 经常与心血管和心血管疾病的相应增加有关 然而，皮质醇对急性应激的反应性，心理生理反应性 尚未在孕期接触过这种物质的人类身上进行研究 环境毒物。确定这些环境因素的影响 毒物对急性应激的心理生理反应是重要的 A)心血管反应性增强或延长的证据是 与病理生理过程有关(例如，血管变化、脂质 动员)，以及b)皮质醇反应增强与 精神病理过程(如社交退缩、焦虑)。建议数 一项研究检查了目前参与研究的儿童对急性压力的反应 在奥斯威戈新生儿和婴儿发展项目中，正在进行的纵向 对1991至1994年间接受采访的224名妇女所生的孩子进行了研究。 目前有大量关于这些儿童的数据，包括背景资料 社会人口特征(例如，社会经济地位、产妇健康 行为)和孕期毒物暴露水平由母亲决定 饮食回忆和脐带血水平。拟议的实验室方案将 提供情绪、心血管和皮质醇反应性评估，以 轻度应激事件，以及b)评估一些心理社会问题 变量(例如，焦虑、抑郁)。这项建议的重要特点 研究包括：a)目前参与的儿童参与 纵向研究，因此，没有新的征聘，b)评估a 妊娠期暴露在环境中可能产生的各种后果 毒物，包括情绪、心血管和皮质醇反应，以及c) 将这些情绪和心理生理结果与 这些儿童的大量现有数据(例如，认知功能)。

DESCRIPTION: This application proposes to test the hypothesis that young children (10 years of age) with gestational exposure to the environmental toxicants found in Lake Ontario fish (e.g., PCBs, mercury, cadmium) will exhibit exaggerated responses to acute stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that a) newborns with highest gestational exposure to contaminants found in Lake Ontario fish have significantly poorer habituation recoveries and appear to overreact to stimulation, and b) at 6 months, 4 years, and 6 years of age these children show emotional dysregulation. Emotional dysregulation is frequently associated with corresponding increases in cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute stress, however, psychophysiological reactivity has not yet been investigated in humans with gestational exposure to environmental toxicants. Determining the effects of these environmental toxicants on psychophysiological reactivity to acute stress is important given evidence that a) heightened or prolonged cardiovascular reactivity is associated with pathophysiological processes (e.g., vascular changes, lipid mobilization), and b) heightened cortisol reactivity is associated with psychopathological processes (e.g., social withdrawal, anxiety). The proposed study examines reactivity to acute stress in children currently participating in the Oswego Newborn and Infant Development Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of 224 children born to women interviewed between 1991 and 1994. Extensive data currently exists for these children, including background sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status, maternal health behaviors) and gestational toxicant exposure levels determined by maternal dietary recall and cord blood levels. The proposed laboratory protocol will provide a) assessment of emotional, cardiovascular, and cortisol reactivity to mildly stressful events, and b) assessment of a number of psychosocial variables (e.g., anxiety, depression). Important features of this proposed study include a) the participation of children currently involved in a longitudinal study and, therefore, no new recruitment, b) an assessment of a full range of possible consequences of gestational exposure to environmental toxicants, including emotional, cardiovascular, and cortisol reactivity, and c) the ability to relate these emotional and psychophysiological outcomes to the large set of existing data for these children (e.g., cognitive functioning).