The Illinois Families Study: Child Well-Being

本研究侧重于儿童忽视的两种具体形式的病因：身体忽视和监督忽视。福利改革要求父母花更多的时间在正式就业上，使他们在接受收入援助时受到时间限制和制裁，并可能导致其家庭的医疗保险不稳定。评估这些变化是否导致总体上虐待儿童的不同比率，特别是不同类型的儿童忽视，是本研究的重点。该项目的具体目标是评估儿童与(1)就业、(2)收入(动态)和(3)医疗保险之间的关系。我们还将确定调解或缓和这种关系的因素，并扩大关于导致特定形式的儿童忽视的因果路径的知识。我们还将包括对儿童发展的基线评估，以便今后的研究可以评估这些形式的忽视儿童对发展的影响。这项研究建立在伊利诺伊州家庭研究(IFS)的基础上。IFS将在六年内跟踪1500个家庭，通过进行年度调查来研究福利和工作的影响，以收集有关人口统计、就业、收入、育儿、儿童保育、健康和家庭暴力的信息，并将收集有关福利、医疗补助、失业和社会服务使用情况的季度行政数据。伊利诺伊州的九个县被选为研究对象，占伊利诺伊州TANF案件数量的75%以上。这项研究将包括IFS儿童的一个子样本(500名儿童和2岁在第一次访谈)。家长将在第一次IFS面试后6个月接受面谈，然后每年接受面试。访谈将集中在儿童发展和气质、育儿信念、家庭事故风险、基本需求的充分性和医疗保健等方面。将进行病历审查，以评估卫生保健的可及性和充分性，并确定更多的疏忽风险。来自伊利诺伊州就业部保险数据库、新雇员登记和所有社会机构登记(食品券、医疗补助、虐待儿童)的季度管理数据将针对每个主题进行链接。伊利诺伊州一个持续整合的儿童服务数据库中的数据也将被链接起来，该数据库描绘了个人儿童与公共服务(例如儿童保护、青少年司法、医疗补助、特殊教育和精神健康服务)之间的完整关系网络。对于双尾检验，每个忽略结果的统计能量水平更有可能在0.72到0.94之间，对于单尾检验，更有可能在0.82到0.97之间。这项研究不会仅仅依赖于正式的忽视指标，而是将基于环境、物质和监督忽视的可操作性定义来调查其他“非正式”指标。独立的衡量标准将包括人口统计、父母特征、亲子互动、亲子身心健康和儿童发展。将报告与每个指标相关的平均值、标准差和范围，对于重复测量的指标，将提供从一次访谈到下一次访谈的平均变化。多变量分析的主要目标是确定哪些因素或因素组合会使儿童面临更大的儿童忽视和CPS干预风险。

This study focuses on the etiology of two specific forms of child neglect: physical neglect and supervisory neglect. Welfare reform requires parents to spend more time in formal employment, subject them to time limits and sanctions on the receipt of income assistance, and may result in unstable health care coverage for their families. Assessing whether such changes results in a differential rate of child maltreatment in general, and different types of child neglect in particular, is the focus of this study. The specific aims of the project are to assess the relationship between child and (1) employment, (2) income (dynamics), and (3) health care coverage. We will also identify the factors that mediate or moderate such relationships and expand the knowledge about causal pathways leading to specific forms of child neglect. We will also include baseline assessments of child development so that future studies may assess the developmental impacts of these forms of child neglect. This study builds upon the Illinois Families Study (IFS). The IFS will follow 1,500 families over six-years to study the effects of welfare and work by conducting annual surveys to gather information about demographics, employment, income, parenting, child care, health, and domestic violence and will gather, quarterly administrative data about use of welfare, Medicaid, unemployment, and social services. Nine Illinois counties have been selected for the study representing over 75% of the Illinois TANF caseload. This study will involve a sub-sample of children the IFS (500 children <2 years at the first interview). A parent will be interviewed, in-person, 6 months after the first IFS interview and then annually. The interview will focus on child development and temperament, parenting beliefs, household accident risks, adequacy of basic needs, and health care . Medical chart reviews will be conducted to assess access and adequacy of health care and to identify additional risks for neglect. Quarterly administrative data from the Illinois Department of Employment's Insurance database, the New-Hire registry, and all social agency registries (Food Stamps, Medicaid, Child Abuse) will be linked for each subject. Data from a continuously integrated database of children's services in Illinois that depicts a full network of relationships linking individual children and public services (e.g. child protection, juvenile justice, Medicaid, special education, and mental health services) will also be linked. The more likely statistical power levels for each neglect outcome range from .72 to .94 for a two-tailed test, and from .82 to .97 for a one-tailed test. This study will not rely solely on formal indicators of neglect, but will investigate other "informal" indicators based on operationalized definitions of environmental, physical, and supervisory neglect. Independent measures will include demographics, parental characteristics, parent-child interaction, parent and child physical and mental health, and child development. The means, standard deviations, and ranges associated with each indicators will be reported, and for repeated measured, the average change from one interview to the next will be provided. The primary goal of the multivariate analyses is to determine which factors or combinations of factors place children at greater risk for child neglect and CPS intervention.