Geospatial estimation of non-exhaust emissions using remote earth observation

由于“柴油门”和越来越多的证据表明一系列健康终点，废气污染最近得到了媒体的大量报道。然而，非废气排放（NEE），如刹车和轮胎磨损，目前估计占伦敦汽车排放量的50%，相对于废气排放，这些颗粒对健康的影响仍不确定。在未来，随着废气排放的减少，这些来源将对环境政策的制定和人类健康的影响变得更加重要。排放清单是确定空气污染的主要来源和提供空气污染模拟中使用的数据的关键。目前，在伦敦，新能源能源的排放清单是有限的，并不代表整个伦敦。它缺乏关于不同地点的道路类型、状况和地面测量的信息。在全球范围内，新能源能源排放清单有限或根本不存在。该项目将使用高时间分辨率测量设备，在具有一系列气候条件的城市中产生详细的颗粒物种类组成，以开发新因素。全球高分辨率卫星图像将用于识别全球城市中每条道路的车辆运动。车辆数量将与排放因素和测量相结合，以更新排放清单并进行污染源分配。

Exhaust pollution has had substantial press coverage recently as a result ofDieselgate and increased evidence of a range of health end points. However, Non-ExhaustEmissions (NEE) such as brake and tyre wear are currently estimated to contribute 50% ofvehicle emissions in London and the health impact of these particles, relative to exhaustemissions, remain uncertain. In the future, as exhaust emissions are abated, these sourceswill become more important for both environmental policy development and human healthimpact.Emission inventories are key in determining significant sources of air pollution and providevital data used in air pollution modelling. Currently, in London, the emission inventory onNEE is limited and is not representative of London as a whole. It lacks information on roadtype, condition and ground-based measurements at different sites. Globally, NEE emissioninventories are limited or non-existent.This project will use high-time resolution measurement equipment to produce detailedParticulate Matter species compositions in cities with a range of climatology to develop NEEfactors. Global high-resolution satellite imagery will be used to identify vehicle movement,road by road, in global cities. The vehicle counts will be combined with emission factors andmeasurements to update emission inventories and conduct source apportionment.