Understanding melt distribution beneath volcanoes using experimental and seismic techniques

火山事件有可能造成数千人死亡和受伤，并给全球经济造成数十亿美元的损失(Witham，2005，Oppenheimer，2015)。对火山系统的地下结构进行成像可以更好地了解构成的威胁，并有助于监测系统，但目前的成像技术只能提供有限的岩浆结构分辨率。大规模岩浆系统的模型已从简单的岩浆室(Blake，1981)演变为由流体、熔体和晶体碎屑组成的瞬变层状结构(Christopher等人，2015)。现有的颗粒尺度熔体结构模型是从合成熔化的岩石集合体的2D图像和简化的几何近似推导而来的，这使得它们的结果很不明确。这项研究将使用3D打印熔体模型的新方法来约束不同熔体结构对地震波速度和特性的影响。将确定一套参数，这些参数将应用于真实世界的活跃火山环境，以更好地描述它们的喷发动力学。这项工作的结果将可以转移到任何火山环境，也可能为地球深处的研究提供信息。

Volcanic events have the potential to kill and injure thousands of people and cost billions of dollars to global economies (Witham, 2005, Oppenheimer, 2015). Imaging the subsurface structure of a volcanic system can lead to better understanding of the threats posed and assist monitoring systems, but current imaging techniques provide only limited resolution of magmatic structures. Models of large-scale magmatic systems have evolved from simple chambers (Blake, 1981) to transient, layered structures of fluid, melt and crystal mush (Christopher et al., 2015). Existing models of grain-scale melt structures are derived from 2D images of synthetically melted rock aggregates and simplified geometrical approximations, creating much ambiguity in their results. This study will use a new approach of 3D printing melt models to constrain the effects different melt structures have on seismic wave velocities and properties. A suite of parameters will be determined which will be applied to real-world, active volcanic settings to better describe their eruption dynamics. The results from this work will be transferrable to any volcanic setting and may also inform deep Earth studies.