Uncovering cognitive and metacognitive factors that influence onset of adolescent depression

揭示影响青少年抑郁症发作的认知和元认知因素

• 批准号: 2076086
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2076086
• 关键词: Uncovering; cognitive; metacognitive; factors; influence

Evidence from the World Health Organisation's World Mental Health surveys shows that about half of all lifetime mental illness starts by the time patients reach their mid-teens and three-quarters by the mid-20s (WHO, 2001; Kessler et al., 2008). During my research programme, I aim to explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying development of low self-esteem, which has been shown to predict onset of a depressive episode in prior longitudinal studies (Sowislo and Orth, 2013). My research proposal relies on two (perhaps not entirely distinct) constructs: metacognition, thinking about one's own thinking, and mentalising, thinking about others' thinking. These constructs are relevant to self-esteem because creating a concept of the self may rely on, firstly, abstractions from memory about previous reactions to and decisions about past events and experiences (utilising metacognition) and, secondly, appraisals about what others' think of us (utilising mentalising; Sebastian et al., 2008). I aim to investigate the development of these constructs using various cognitive tasks, utilizing longitudinal designs. I will also measure depressive symptoms, with a particular focus on measures of self-worth and self-esteem. With this, I aim to develop our understanding of how individual differences in metacognitive insight, mentalising and sensitivity to negative social feedback may predict onset of depression during adolescence.

世界卫生组织世界心理健康调查的证据显示，大约一半的终生精神疾病是在患者十几岁的时候开始的，四分之三的患者是在 20 多岁时开始的（世界卫生组织，2001 年；Kessler 等人，2008 年）。在我的研究项目中，我的目标是探索低自尊发展背后的认知机制，在之前的纵向研究中，低自尊已被证明可以预测抑郁发作的发生（Sowislo 和 Orth，2013）。我的研究提案依赖于两个（也许并不完全不同）的结构：元认知，思考自己的想法，以及心智化，思考他人的想法。这些构造与自尊相关，因为创建自我概念可能首先依赖于对过去事件和经历的先前反应和决定的记忆的抽象（利用元认知），其次依赖于对他人对我们的看法的评估（利用心理化；Sebastian et al., 2008）。我的目标是利用纵向设计，利用各种认知任务来研究这些结构的发展。我还将测量抑郁症状，特别关注自我价值和自尊的测量。借此，我的目标是加深我们对元认知洞察力、心智化和对负面社会反馈的敏感性的个体差异如何预测青春期抑郁症发作的理解。