The Geographies Of Energy Justice: Assessing The Implications Of Solar Uptake In Kenya

能源正义的地理分布：评估肯尼亚太阳能利用的影响

• 批准号: 2095131
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2095131
• 关键词: Geographies; Energy; Justice; Assessing; Implications

For many parts of Kenya, as in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, access to electricity remains low, and spatial inequalities exist between rural and urban populations (Global Tracking Framework, 2017; Vera and Landlois, 2007). As Kenya's population increases rapidly with 40% under 30 in 2017, energy demands are rising exponentially (CIA.Gov, 2017; IEA, 2017). Kenya is at an energy crossroads as the government has committed to the provision of reliable energy to the whole population by 2020 (Kenya Power and Light Company, 2016).Renewable energy systems, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), have been suggested as capable of meeting these energy requirements, while creating an energy pathway that can fulfil future carbon reduction requirements (Szabo et al., 2011; Deichmann et al. 2011; AfDB/ OECD/UNDP 2017). The Kenyan government is investing $2.1 billion on the electrification of rural regions through renewable technologies between 2016- 2021. This is expected to lead to an increase in instillation of mini grids for solar power generation (EXPO group, 2018).The Energy Justice Framework (EJF), which draws on the environmental justice movement, offers a way to identify and discuss the inequalities which emerge with an energy transition through the application of a rights perspective at every stage of the energy supply chain (McCauley, 2018). The framework highlights the necessity of recognising all those who are impacted by energy decisions (recognition justice), enabling and supporting appropriate mechanisms for inclusions of all peoples in decision making (procedural justice), and in identifying how risks and benefits of energy decisions are distributed spatially and temporally across populations (distributional justice) (McCauley et al., 2013).This research seeks to identify and examine issues of justice and equity with regard to decentralised solar PV energy systems in Kenya. The thesis will utilise the EJF principles of recognition, distributional and procedural energy justice to understand the ways in which social and environmental rights can be incorporated more fully in energy decision making processes (McCauley, 2018; Arabena and Kingsley, 2016). The primary aim of my research is to evaluate the issues of equity in the opportunities and risks emerging from the use of decentralised solar PV systems in Kenya.I will employ a mixed method approach for research based upon a first phase of quantitative Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis, to identify where key stakeholders and users of solar power are located in Kenya. A second phase of qualitative interviews aims to explore risks and benefits emerging from the use of decentralised solar systems, and to identify procedural mechanisms for the inclusion of solar PV users in system management. This approach builds on Daamgard's (2017) methodological approach to analyse energy justice concerns, which was applied to decentralised biogas systems in Nepal. However, there have been no case studies which have applied this methodology to energy justice research on solar PV systems in Kenya.

在肯尼亚的许多地区，如撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分地区，电力供应仍然很低，农村和城市人口之间存在空间不平等（全球跟踪框架，2017年; Vera和Landlois，2007年）。随着肯尼亚人口的快速增长，2017年30岁以下人口占40%，能源需求呈指数级增长（CIA.Gov，2017; IEA，2017）。肯尼亚正处于能源十字路口，因为政府承诺到2020年为全体人口提供可靠的能源（肯尼亚电力和照明公司，2016年）。可再生能源系统，如太阳能光伏（PV），已被建议能够满足这些能源需求，同时创造一条能源途径，可以满足未来的碳减排要求（Szabo等人，2011; Deichmann et al. 2011; AfDB/ OECD/UNDP 2017）。肯尼亚政府将在2016年至2021年期间投资21亿美元，通过可再生技术实现农村地区的电气化。预计这将导致太阳能发电的微型电网的增加（EXPO group，2018）。能源正义框架（EJF）借鉴了环境正义运动，通过在能源供应链的每个阶段应用权利视角，提供了一种识别和讨论能源转型中出现的不平等的方法（McCauley，2018）。该框架强调必须承认所有受能源决策影响的人（承认正义），启用和支持将所有人纳入决策的适当机制（程序正义），并确定能源决策的风险和利益如何在空间和时间上在人口中分布（分配正义）（McCauley等人，2013).这项研究旨在确定和审查肯尼亚分散式太阳能光伏能源系统的公正和公平问题。本文将利用EJF的承认，分配和程序能源正义原则来理解社会和环境权利可以更充分地纳入能源决策过程的方式（McCauley，2018; Arabena和Kingsley，2016）。我的研究的主要目的是评估公平的机会和风险出现在肯尼亚使用分散的太阳能光伏系统的问题。我将采用混合方法的基础上的定量地理信息系统（GIS）分析的第一阶段的研究方法，以确定关键利益相关者和用户的太阳能发电位于肯尼亚。第二阶段的定性访谈旨在探讨使用分散式太阳能系统所带来的风险和好处，并确定将太阳能光伏用户纳入系统管理的程序机制。这种方法建立在Daamgard（2017）分析能源正义问题的方法论基础上，该方法已应用于尼泊尔的分散式沼气系统。然而，有没有案例研究，已将这种方法应用到能源正义的研究在肯尼亚的太阳能光伏系统。