What was the Influence of Labour Market and Family Policy Institutions on the Gendered Labour Market Impact of the Great Recession?

劳动力市场和家庭政策机构对大衰退对劳动力市场性别的影响有何影响？

• 批准号: 2097682
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2097682
• 关键词: What; was; Influence; Labour; Market

A gendered analysis of the Great Recession is of interest for several reasons. First, economic crises are profoundly gendered phenomena (European Commission, 2012). Labour markets being structured unequally by gender (Lewis, 2002), impacts of exogenous shocks such as crises are expected to have gendered effects. Second, gendered labour market structures are extremely policy relevant, with economies facing shrinking population workforces (Harper, 2014), while women's labour market potential is not fully realized (Elborgh-Woytek et al, 2013). Crises are opportunities to examine existing policy, as they are theorized to exacerbate gendered institutional effects on labour markets (Kushi and McManus, forthcoming). Third, crises can lead to transformative policy change (Hemerijck, 2012); gender analysis of such change can inform both research and policy.The global financial crisis of 2008 had a severe labour market impact (European Commission, 2009). At the onset, male employment was most negatively impacted due to sectoral segregation (International Labour Organization, 2010; Périvier, forthcoming). However, within sectors, gender differences in employment impact may be more varied (Rubery and Rafferty, 2013). Preliminary analysis of Eurostat (2017) data shows that, after controlling for sectoral segregation, the gendered employment impact of the crisis varies across European Union countries (Appendix, Graph 1). In addition, patterns vary for measures of job quality, such as part-time work (Appendix, Graph 2a-e). The research aims to investigate these divergent patterns.The crisis consisted of two phases, an initial economic shock, and a subsequent austerity phase (Kushi and McManus, forthcoming). The research will examine labour market outcomes during both phases from a gender perspective. Outcomes to be investigated include measures of job quantity, such as employment, and job quality, such as part-time employment, taking account also of unpaid care work. Finally, the impact on career progression in occupations and incomes will be examined.As will be detailed in section II, institutional context is theorized to influence gendered labour market structures (CEPS 2012; OECD, 2013; Goméz-Salvador & Turunen, 2008) and gendered vulnerability to recessions. In particular, women - who experience more career transitions and are often primary carers - tend to be better integrated in labour markets with higher flexibility (Estévez-Abe, 2005) and provision of family-related services (Mandel and Semyonov, 2006).In the context of the research, institutional analysis is therefore two-fold. First, the project will investigate the impact of labour market institutions, such as employment protection. Second, the research will consider family policy institutions, such as child care provision. Having defined the relevant concepts, we can develop questions to guide the research: 1. Is there a gender difference in the impact of the Great Recession on labour market outcomes in terms of quantity (e. g. employment) or quality (e.g. part-time work)? If so, does it vary across countries? Does the impact differ between the two crisis phases? 2. If there are country differences in crisis impact, how are these influenced by institutional context? 3. Is there a gender difference in crisis impact on career progression? How does it compare to differences found in (1)? How is this influenced by institutional context.

对大衰退进行性别分析有几个原因。首先，经济危机是一种深刻的性别现象（欧洲联盟委员会，2012年）。劳动力市场的结构按性别不平等（刘易斯，2002年），危机等外部冲击的影响预计会产生性别效应。其次，考虑到性别因素的劳动力市场结构与政策极为相关，各经济体面临劳动力人口减少的问题（哈珀，2014年），而妇女的劳动力市场潜力没有得到充分发挥（Elborgh-Woytek等人，2013年）。危机是审查现行政策的机会，因为从理论上讲，危机会加剧对劳动力市场的性别体制影响（Kushi和McManus，即将出版）。第三，危机可能导致变革性的政策变化（Hemerijck，2012年）;对这种变化的性别分析可以为研究和政策提供信息，2008年的全球金融危机对劳动力市场产生了严重影响（欧洲联盟委员会，2009年）。一开始，由于部门隔离，男性就业受到的负面影响最大（国际劳工组织，2010年; Périvier，即将出版）。然而，在各部门内部，就业影响方面的性别差异可能更为多样（Rubery和Rafford，2013年）。对欧盟统计局（2017年）数据的初步分析显示，在控制了部门隔离之后，危机对欧盟国家的性别就业影响各不相同（附录，图1）。此外，衡量工作质量的方式也各不相同，如非全时工作（附录，图2a-e）。这场危机包括两个阶段，最初的经济冲击和随后的紧缩阶段（Kushi和McManus，即将出版）。这项研究将从性别角度审查这两个阶段的劳动力市场成果。需要调查的结果包括就业等工作数量和非全时就业等工作质量的衡量标准，同时考虑到无报酬的护理工作。最后，将审查对职业和收入方面的职业发展的影响，如第二节所详述，理论上认为，体制环境影响着按性别划分的劳动力市场结构（CEPS，2012年;经合组织，2013年; Goméz-Salvador & Turunen，2008年）和按性别划分的经济衰退脆弱性。特别是，妇女-她们经历了更多的职业过渡，而且往往是主要照料者-往往更好地融入劳动力市场，具有更大的灵活性（Estévez-Abe，2005年）和提供与家庭有关的服务（Mandel和Semyonov，2006年）。首先，该项目将调查劳动力市场机构的影响，如就业保护。第二，研究将考虑家庭政策机构，如提供儿童保育。在界定了相关概念之后，我们可以提出问题来指导研究：1.大衰退对劳动力市场结果的影响在数量上是否存在性别差异（e）。G.就业）或质量（如非全日制工作）？如果是，各国之间是否有差异？两个危机阶段的影响是否不同？2.如果在危机影响方面存在国家差异，那么这些差异是如何受到制度背景的影响的？3.危机对职业发展的影响是否存在性别差异？它与（1）中发现的差异相比如何？这是如何受到制度环境的影响。