CORE--ASSESSMENT

评估核心（AC）协调并确保MARC核心评估协议各方面的质量控制。这里定义的评估包括(i)收集血液样本（目标家庭）或口腔刷牙（所有家庭）以提取DNA， （ii）管理和评分诊断访谈，（iii）收集问卷和清单数据，（iv）获取街区级人口普查区数据以表征家庭居住的社区，以及(v)获取学校系统数据以表征参与者所就读的学校。咨询委员会负责对MARC研究项目共享的核心评估方案进行预测试，并进行焦点小组、访谈和问卷预测试，以微调额外的评估，以提高对青少年和年轻人物质使用方面的种族差异的理解。AC的教职员工将在现场进行面试官培训，并协助澳大利亚员工的培训。AC负责监测收集到的访谈者数据的质量，通过(a)审查（“编辑”）完成的访谈以确保完整性和遵守协议，(b)在必要时从诊断医师那里获得编码问题的咨询，(c)向访谈者提供快速反馈，允许研究参与者在必要时重新联系以获得澄清。(d)从已完成的访谈中随机抽取5%的录音带样本进行审查，以监测对协议的遵守情况；(c)每两周一次的采访者会议，以解决采访者的问题和问题。AC工作人员将负责对评估方案进行持续的可靠性研究，其中最初通过电话诊断访谈进行评估的家庭将被带到MARC设施进行面对面访谈（每年N=15个高风险家庭，N=15个对照家庭，即每年约110人）。他们还将负责在澳大利亚进行实地工作的项目与其他项目之间保持评估方法的一致性，每年审查高风险和控制参与者的大约30盘录音带，并与澳大利亚项目4协调员定期沟通。AC将负责DNA提取，并分型STR标记，用于非父系检测和确认异卵双胞胎的合子状态。最后，它将为遗传流行病学研究中的评估和病毒学问题提供全国咨询资源。

The Assessment Core (AC) coordinates and ensures quality-control for all aspects of the MARC core assessment protocol. Assessment, as defined here, includes (i) collection of blood samples (targeted families) or buccal brushings (all families) for DNA extraction, (ii) administration and scoring of diagnostic interviews, (iii) collection of questionnaire and checklist data, (iv) acquiring block-level census tract data to characterize the neighborhoods in which families are living, and (v) obtaining school system data to characterize the schools participants have attended. The AC is responsible for pretesting the core assessment protocol shared by MARC research projects, as well as conducting focus groups and interview and questionnaire pretests to fine-tune additional assessments targeted at improved understanding of ethnic differences in adolescent and young adult substance involvement. AC faculty and staff will take the lead in interviewer training sessions conducted on-site as well as assisting with training sessions for Australian staff. The AC is responsible for monitoring the quality of interviewer data that are collected, by (a) reviewing ('editing') completed interviews for completeness and adherence to protocol, (b) obtaining consultations from diagnosticians on coding issues when necessary, (c) providing rapid feedback to interviewers, allowing study participants to be recontacted to obtain clarification where necessary, (d) reviewing a random 5% sample of audiotapes from completed interviews to monitor adherence to protocol, and (c) leading biweekly interviewer sessions to address interviewer questions and problems. AC staff will be responsible for conducting an ongoing reliability study of the assessment protocol, in which families assessed initially by telephone diagnostic interview will be brought in for in person-interviews at the MARC facility (N=15 high- risk, N=15 control families per year, i.e. approximately 110 individuals per year). They will also be responsible for maintaining consistency of assessment approaches between the project where the field work is conducted in Australia and the other projects, by annual review of approximately 30 audiotapes from high risk and control participants, and by regular communication with the Australian project 4 coordinator. The AC will be responsible for DNA extraction, and for typing STR markers for non-paternity detection and confirmation of zygosity status of dizygotic twin pairs. Finally, it will provide a national resource for consultation on assessment and nosologic issues in genetic-epidemiologic studies.