RAT RESEARCH COMPONENT

大多数饮酒的人都是适量饮酒。 严重的后果，但对于一部分人来说，饮酒变成了 过度，导致严重的医疗、社会和法律后果。这个 仅医疗后果一项就可能使预期寿命减少多达20岁 多年；社会和法律后果，包括事故、冲突 家人和朋友，失业和被捕，严重减少了 缩短的寿命的质量。最近，人们已经认识到 酗酒和酗酒的责任的个体差异是 与遗传的人格特征有关。特别是，有两种模式 已经被确认，1)酗酒者的不受约束的个性 伴随着高度的新颖性、冒险和对社交的冷漠 奖励和2)焦虑的个性，在这种个性中，酒精有助于减少 焦虑。在目前的提案中，通过基因选择的高或高的大鼠 低水平的自愿饮酒将在以下模型中测试 去抑制和焦虑以确定准确的神经生物学 将这些行为与饮酒联系起来的机制。 项目1结合了行为和生理测量来评估 对新鲜感、注意力、焦虑的反应与 对饮酒的期待。在项目2中，行为和 结合神经生物学技术来评估大脑中的差异 在基因选择的品系中的唤醒和抑制系统。项目 3探讨了中皮质边缘多巴胺系统在反应中的作用。 为了新奇和饮酒。通过更好地了解 遗传影响饮酒的基本生物学机制 增加个人对酗酒的责任可能会更好 了解并有针对性地制定预防和治疗战略 发展起来的。

The majority of people who drink alcohol drink moderate amounts without serious consequences, but for a subset of individuals, drinking becomes excessive, leading to serious medical, social and legal consequences. The medical consequences alone may reduce expected life span by as much as 20 years; the social and legal consequences, including accidents, conflict with family and friends, job loss and arrest, severely decrease the quality of that shortened life. Recently, it has been recognized that individual differences in liability for alcohol abuse and alcoholism are associated with inherited personality traits. In particular, two patterns have been identified, 1) the disinhibited personality in which alcoholism accompanies high novelty-seeking, risk-taking, and indifference to social rewards and 2) the anxious personality, in which alcohol serves to reduce anxiety. In the present proposal, rats genetically selected for high or low levels of voluntary consumption of alcohol will be tested in models of disinhibition and anxiety to identify the precise neurobiological mechanisms that link each of these behaviors with alcohol drinking. Project 1 combines behavioral and physiological measures to assess the relationship between responses to novelty, attention, anxiety and anticipation to alcohol drinking. In project 2, behavioral and neurobiological techniques are combined to assess differences in brain arousal and inhibitory systems in the genetically selected lines. Project 3 explores the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in responses to novelty and alcohol drinking. By developing a better understanding of the inherited influences alcohol drinking, the basic biological mechanisms that increase individual liability for alcoholism can be better understood, and targeted strategies for prevention and treatment developed.