Cyber-threats and the ethics of international aggression: Reconsidering Just War Theory in the 21st century

网络威胁与国际侵略的道德：重新思考 21 世纪的正义战争理论

• 批准号: 2108969
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2108969
• 关键词: Cyber; threats; ethics; international; aggression

How should just war theory be framed in the 21st century? The recent and continuing changes in the nature of international aggression challenge the foundations of traditional just war theory. Cyberactionsprovide a lens that shows that the clear demarcation of war is becoming increasingly difficult. Without this demarcation, traditional just war theory, which treats war as an exceptional moralcircumstance, cannot provide an ethical framework appropriate for the 21st century.This project broadens the arguments in my MA thesis. It conceptually challenges the validity of just war theory by combining two threads of thought. Firstly, examples of cyber-actions are used to show thatthe definition of war is substantially blurred. This makes untenable the view that the moral rules governing war are distinct from those governing other contexts. This argument runs parallel to, andstrengthens, current reductivist challenges to just war theory such as those of McMahan and Frowe.Secondly, the same examples are used to argue that our intuitions about the moral challenges presented by war are not dependent on the methods of waging war, but are rather grounded inconcerns about the mass harm to individuals or groups. This change of view mirrors the recent change in the concepts of development and freedom that has been led by Sen and Nussbaum. Theresult is a strong challenge to the validity of just war theory and the provision of an alternative moral framework based on an idea of harm in respect of freedom, development and justice, that may beapplied to all acts of international aggression.

在21世纪，正义战争理论应该如何框定？国际侵略性质最近和持续的变化挑战了传统正义战争理论的基础。网络行动提供了一个镜头，表明战争的明确划分正变得越来越困难。如果没有这种划分，将战争视为特殊道德环境的传统正义战争理论无法提供适合21世纪的伦理框架。这个项目拓宽了我硕士论文中的论点。它将两条思路结合在一起，从概念上挑战了正义战争理论的有效性。首先，使用网络行动的例子表明，战争的定义实质上是模糊的。这使得管理战争的道德规则有别于管理其他环境的道德规则的观点站不住脚。这一论点与麦克马汉和弗洛韦等当前对正义战争理论的简约主义挑战并行不悖，并加强了这一挑战。第二，同样的例子被用来论证我们对战争带来的道德挑战的直觉并不依赖于发动战争的方法，而是基于对个人或群体的大规模伤害的担忧。这种观点的变化反映了Sen和Nussbaum领导的发展和自由概念最近的变化。其结果是对正义战争理论的有效性和基于自由、发展和正义方面的危害的另一种道德框架的提供提出了强烈的挑战，该框架可能适用于所有国际侵略行为。