Satellite volcanic ash cloud detection and quantification

卫星火山灰云检测和量化

• 批准号: 2145641
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2145641
• 关键词: Satellite; volcanic; ash; cloud; detection

Volcanic ash has been proved to have a profound effect on the operation of both civil and military aviation. Airspace used by aviation is managed operationally using two primary tools: advection-diffusion dispersion models, driven by volcanic and meteorological source terms and satellite remote sensing. The first offers a prediction, vital for flight planners, but forward projection increases uncertainty. The latter, whilst being imperfect, provides snapshots that, at the very least, may be used to validate predictions. One of the major problems with satellite imagery is that any observations are integrated along the line of sight. As we transition from safe-to-fly thresholds to a dose-based approach to hazard management observations in three dimensions become critical. The primary purpose of this activity is to develop a thermal infrared (TIR) imaging instrument for a University of Bristol CubeSat that will be able to map and reconstruct ash clouds in three dimensions. The camera would be used in a 'point and stare' (flashlight) mode to use multiple viewing angles to image the three-dimensional structure of the ash cloud. The PhD will initially comprise of an assessment of the science and mission requirements, based upon previous work undertaken at Bristol in collaboration with the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, and then the elaboration of a conceptual design for the spacecraft imager. Once the conceptual design is finalised, a detailed design of a breadboard using off the shelf components will be finalised. The design will require mechanical, electrical, optical and software analysis and will be based as far as possible on existing products. This breadboard will be built, tested and miniaturised to be flown on a balloon for altitude testing and on a UAV over at least one erupting volcano in Central America. The image data will be processed using 3D reconstruction techniques such as SLAM, currently being developed from optical imagery by Dr. Andrew Calway's group in computer science. This work is linked to research on drone imaging of volcanos being planned as part of the CASCADE programme led by Professor Arthur Richards and Dr Tom Richardson and may be eligible for funding under this programme. The research question will be: is it possible to provide 3D reconstruction of a volcano ash cloud using a miniature space-based thermal camera in 2 wavelengths?

火山灰已被证明对民用和军用航空的运作有着深远的影响。航空使用的空域在业务上使用两个主要工具进行管理：由火山和气象源项驱动的对流扩散扩散模型和卫星遥感。第一种方法提供了一种预测，这对飞行计划者至关重要，但向前预测会增加不确定性。后者虽然不完美，但提供了快照，至少可以用来验证预测。卫星图像的一个主要问题是，任何观测都是沿视线沿着综合的。随着我们从安全飞行阈值过渡到基于剂量的危害管理方法，三个维度的观察变得至关重要。这项活动的主要目的是为布里斯托大学的立方体卫星开发一种热红外成像仪器，该仪器将能够绘制和重建三维灰云。该相机将以“瞄准和凝视”（手电筒）模式使用，以使用多个视角来拍摄火山灰云的三维结构。博士学位最初将包括根据以前在布里斯托与卢瑟福-阿普尔顿实验室合作开展的工作对科学和使命要求进行评估，然后详细拟订航天器成像器的概念设计。一旦概念设计完成，将完成使用现成组件的试验板的详细设计。设计将需要进行机械、电气、光学和软件分析，并将尽可能以现有产品为基础。该试验板将被建造、测试和验证，以便在气球上进行高度测试，并在中美洲至少一座喷发的火山上空进行无人机飞行。图像数据将使用SLAM等3D重建技术进行处理，该技术目前由Andrew Calway博士的计算机科学小组从光学图像中开发。这项工作与无人机火山成像研究有关，该研究是亚瑟理查兹教授和汤姆理查森博士领导的CASCADE方案的一部分，可能有资格获得该方案的资助。研究问题将是：是否有可能使用小型天基热成像仪在两个波长下对火山灰云进行三维重建？