Simulating and optimising the performance of the building stock.

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The UK building stock accounted for 34% of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions in 2014, and has a low replacement rate of around 1-1.5% per year. The importance thus falls on improving the energy efficiency of the existing stock to meet future national emission targets. Retrofitting is fundamental to improving the efficiency of existing buildings, however the associated decision-making process is subject to many conflicting criteria. This problem is exacerbated at the stock level where the decision-maker must balance factors including those which are energy-related, environmental, social, financial, and so forth. Furthermore, there is a lack of developed methods to assist with this. Retrofit optimisation tools have been developed and applied to individual buildings; however there are very few studies which perform stock-level optimisation. This research thus questions the extent to which it is possible to optimise building retrofits at the stock-level. The research aims to develop a methodology which allows multi-objective optimisation to be performed over a segment of the stock. This kind of approach is well suited to scenarios where there is a constraint on budget/resources, which is often the case in real-world scenarios. Such a methodology could be valuable to local authorities, many of which are currently in the process of determining the best strategies to decarbonise their building stock