Yoga and gendered wellbeing: exploring new ontologies of wellbeing and gendered body shame through innovative and ethnographic studies of yoga practic

这份关于不同瑜伽练习和空间的多地点民族志将采用一种新颖的“移动采访”方法，以促进关于健康和幸福的性别和具体地理的辩论。现代姿势瑜伽在西方迅速流行起来(Singleton，2010)，这项研究将突出练习者在当代瑜伽空间中对身体的真实体验，使人们能够探索新的幸福感和性别身体耻辱的本体论。这将为在消费主义、新自由主义和医学科学话语之外理解健康开辟新的分析路线(多尔扎尔，2012)。性别羞耻感由标准的性别身体期望支撑，并与女性心理健康疾病发生率的增加有关(泰格曼和斯莱特，2015；多尔扎尔，2016)。有证据表明瑜伽可以减少压力、焦虑、抑郁和提高幸福感(Woodyard，2011；Bussing等人，2012)，我之前的研究发现，瑜伽可以帮助女性发展身体意识的“替代”模式，使她们能够在标准的性别期望之外积极地重新定义自己的身体(Lucas 2018)。我将从两个重要方面扩展这项研究：1.探索瑜伽中的男性和女性身份；2.探索瑜伽在多大程度上有可能塑造“身体耻辱”的体验。女权主义地理学研究突出了瑜伽等练习中复杂的紧张关系，瑜伽将身体的纪律和护理都集中在了一起。这种自律倾向会增加“肉体焦虑”(Little，2013)，然而，一种内向的要求也可以培养一种与身体更有爱心、更不羞耻的关系。瑜伽课中对关系和联系的鼓励也会影响幸福感和体验式体验(Perrson，2007；Lucas，2018)。

This multi-sited ethnography of diverse yoga practices and spaces will deploy a novel 'moving interview' method to contribute to debates on gendered and embodied geographies of health and wellbeing. Modern postural yoga has rapidly gained popularity in the West (Singleton, 2010), and this research will foreground practitioners' lived experiences of the body in contemporary yoga spaces, enabling an exploration of new ontologies of wellbeing and gendered body shame. This will open up novel analytical lines towards understanding wellness outside of consumerist, neoliberal and medico-scientific discourses (Dolezal, 2012).Gendered body shame is underpinned by normative gendered body expectations and has been linked to increased rates of mental health illnesses amongst women (Tiggermann & Slater, 2015; Dolezal, 2016). There is evidence that yoga can reduce stress, anxiety, depression and enhance wellbeing (Woodyard, 2011; Bussing et al., 2012), and my previous research found that yoga can help women to develop 'alternative' modes of bodily awareness which allow them to positively reconceptualise their bodies outside normative gendered expectations (Lucas 2018). I will extend this research in two important ways:1. Exploring feminine and masculine identities in yoga;2. Exploring the extent to which yoga has the potential to shape experiences of 'body shame'. Feminist geographical research has highlighted the complex tensions within practices like yoga which centralise both the discipline and care of the body. Such disciplining tendencies can increase 'corporeal anxiety' (Little, 2013), however an inward facing imperative can also foster a more caring, less shameful relationship with the body. The encouragement of relationality and connection in yoga classes can also impact upon wellbeing and embodied experiences (Perrson, 2007; Lucas, 2018).