The Decline and Resilience of Irony in Post-1989 Italian Literature.

我的研究重点是讽刺在1989年后的意大利文学中的作用。自21世纪以来，反讽经常与后现代主义、知识分子的超然和无意义的游戏联系在一起。在一场相当激烈的争论中，批评家和作家开始呼吁新的参与和真诚形式，为艺术家和知识分子介入公共领域开辟新的空间。反讽经常被搁置一边，如果不明确谴责为危险的两面派或枯竭的工具，作者包括大卫福斯特华莱士和吴明。另一方面，20世纪世纪意大利讽刺作家的传统（如卡洛·埃米利奥·加达、伊塔洛·卡尔维诺、翁贝托·艾柯）对当代艺术家的影响，使得当前的意大利语境特别复杂和独特。因此，我的项目分析了这一时期两个意大利作家群体（20世纪90年代的Italianpulp cannibali和21世纪初的吴明集体）和一个特定类型（Walter Siti，Tiziano Scarpa和Michele Mari的autofiction生产）中使用的讽刺。这就提出了一个问题：讽刺还算是前沿吗？本文旨在证明，尽管反讽在理论上被摒弃，但它仍然是一种哲学和政治态度，而不仅仅是一种修辞手法。事实上，它将证明，超越后现代的反讽不仅仅是破坏真诚或取悦读者的工具，而是作家在社会领域进行一致而有效的批判的尖锐工具。

My research focuses on the role of irony in post-1989 Italian literature. Since the 2000s, irony hasfrequently been associated with postmodernism, intellectual detachment, and meaningless playfulness.In a quite fierce debate, critics and writers have started to call for new forms of engagement andsincerity, in order to open new spaces for artists' and intellectuals' intervention in the public sphere.Irony has often been set aside, when not explicitly condemned as a dangerously two-faced or exhaustedtool, by authors such as David Foster Wallace and Wu Ming. On the other hand, the influence of theItalian tradition of ironic writers in the 20th century (e.g. Carlo Emilio Gadda, Italo Calvino, Umberto Eco)on contemporary artists makes the current Italian context particularly complex and unique. Therefore,my project analyses the use of irony by two Italian groups of writers active across this period (the Italianpulp cannibali in the 1990s and the Wu Ming collective in the 2000s) and in one specific genre (theautofiction production by Walter Siti, Tiziano Scarpa, and Michele Mari). It poses the question: is irony stillcutting edge? It aims to prove that irony, though theoretically dismissed, persists as a philosophical andpolitical attitude, rather than a mere figure of speech. It will demonstrate, in fact, that irony beyond thepostmodern is not just a tool for undermining sincerity or to amuse the reader, but rather can function forwriters as an incisive instrument to perform consistent and effective critique in the social sphere.