Accounting for radical change in the English School's conception of order using existentialist philosophy

这个DPhil项目将提出解决这两个对ES内部多元化-统一主义辩论现状的批评。第一个批评--多元化国际秩序的固有弱点--将通过借鉴我的MPHIL论文的工作来面对，以便为这一秩序提供一个规范性基础。具体地说，这个基础将根据存在主义哲学重新定义自由，将其定义为形而上学反叛的激进个人主义行为。通过这样做，它还将从现象上从个人角度重新定义国际秩序的概念。其次，DPhil项目将建立在MPhil的现象学本体论基础上，为多元化国际秩序中的根本性变化提供一个规范性处方，而不需要来自团结主义修辞的因果压力。简而言之，这个项目将通过辩称，在一个以常态化为基础的多元化国际秩序中可以发生根本性的变化，来解决上述批评。

This DPhil project will propose to address those two criticisms of the current state of the pluralist-solidarist debate within the ES. The first criticism - the inherent weakness of the pluralist international order - will be confronted by drawing on the work of my MPhil thesis in order to offer a normative foundation to that order. Specifically, that foundation will redefine freedom according to existentialist philosophy as a radical individualist act of metaphysical rebellion. In so doing, it will also reconceptualize the international order phenomenologically from an individual perspective. Secondly, this DPhil project will build on the MPhil's phenomenological ontology to offer a normative prescription for radical change within the pluralist international order without the necessity for causal pressure from solidarist rhetoric. Simply put, this project will address the above criticisms by arguing that radical change can occur within a normatively grounded pluralist international order.