The Algorithmic Crimmigrant: How does the development and diffusion of novel surveillance and security technologies impact the global criminalization

欧洲联盟为调查关于新安全技术与犯罪移徙政策之间关系的第一个子问题提供了一个有用的案例。为移民和犯罪控制目的实施自动化大规模信息系统的庞大项目正在进行中，欧盟外部边界在过去十年中一直是这一领域技术创新的关键地点。作为英国脱欧谈判的一部分，最近的“移民危机”和正在进行的爱尔兰边境争端进一步刺激了这一领域的创新。为了实证地调查第二个子问题，研究将超越迄今为止在相关学术中最突出的全球北方。全球南方仍然是一个研究不足，但未来研究前景广阔的领域。21 .亚太地区正迅速成为边境监视和移民控制技术的主要市场对该区域的审查将突出技术和政策输出西方国家与非西方接受国之间的扩散机制和政治动态。最后，第三个子问题必须通过审查边境管制官员的日常做法来解决。幸运的是，在我为目前的哲学硕士论文研究进行的采访中，我反复提到了对基层实证研究的需求，这让我在欧盟和欧洲国家边境机构有了很多联系。所有三个子问题的数据收集将包括文件分析和定性访谈，以及实地工作阶段的人种学观察。在我目前的哲学硕士学习期间，我接受了所有这些方法的培训。作为论文研究的一部分，我对欧盟立法和政策文件进行了广泛的文件分析，并对欧盟官员和私人安全专业人士进行了精英采访。进行研究的主要方法挑战将来自围绕私营和公共安全部门的保密性。然而，我的哲学博士实地工作使我在公共和私人边境安全专业人员中都有了联系。在考察非西方国家时，可能会出现语言障碍。然而，在跨国互动的背景下，英语很可能是通用语，而深入检查当地语言的文件对本研究来说不太可能是必要的。因此，尽管方法上的挑战将不可避免地影响这个项目的执行，但我对它在哲学博士项目过程中的实际可行性充满信心。

The European Union provides a useful case for investigating the first subquestion dealing with the relationship between new security technologies and crimmigration policy. Enormous projects implementing automated large-scale information systems for migration and crime control purposes are underway, and the EU external border has been a key site for technological innovation in this field over the past decade. The recent 'migrant crisis' and ongoing Irish border dispute as part of the Brexit negotiations have further spurred innovation in this area.In order to empirically investigate the second subquestion, the research would move beyond the Global North which has thus far figured most prominently in related scholarship. The Global South remains an understudied, yet enormously promising area for future research. Asia Pacific is quickly becoming the leading market for border surveillance and immigration control technologies.21 An examination of the region would highlight mechanisms of diffusion and political dynamics between technology- and policy-exporting Western countries and recipient non-Western nations.Finally, the third subquestion must be pursued on the ground by examining the daily practices of border control officials. Fortunately, the need for ground-level empirical research was touched upon repeatedly in interviews I conducted for my current MPhil thesis research, which has left me with multiple contacts in the EU and European national border agencies.Data collection for all three subquestions will consist of document analysis and qualitative interviews, as well as ethnographic observation in the fieldwork phase. I have been trained in all of these methods during my current MPhil studies. As part of my thesis research, I have conducted extensive document analysis of EU legislation and policy papers, as well as elite interviews with EU officials and private security professionals.The main methodological challenges to conducting the research will arise from the secrecy that surrounds the private and public security sectors. However, my MPhil fieldwork has left me with contacts among both public and private border security professionals. When examining non-Western states, language barriers may arise. Yet in the context of transnational interactions, English is likely to be the lingua franca, and an in-depth examination of documents in local languages is unlikely to be necessary for this research. Therefore, although methodological challenges will inevitably influence the execution of this project, I am confident in its practical viability over the course of the DPhil program.