The Impact of SuperStar Firms on Competition & Competitiveness in the UK & Europe

超级明星公司对竞争的影响

• 批准号: 2262734
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2262734
• 关键词: Impact; SuperStar; Firms; Competition; Competitiveness

There have been a number of periods in history in which firms have held tremendous power over individuals, but an argument could be made that none have ever had as much influence as some so called 'superstar firms' (SSFs) have today. Recent developments in technology, including automation, machine learning and algorithmic data processing as well as greater precision and scalability in robotics, combined with increasing globalisation and general interdependence between economies, have created a world in which the best firm in a market can completely dominate the entire world's supply of a product or service. Two of the clearest examples of this kind of dominance are Uber and Google. My thesis will expand upon the work of Autor et al and examine the Superstar firm model across three broad sections. The first will be a re-estimation of Autor et al's methodology using a more disaggregated, and therefore arguably more accurate, measure of importer concentration/competition. The second will cover a number of competition authority (CA) case studies to see how SSFs have already been accused of abusing their position, where others might be doing the same, and the effectiveness of punishments by CAs against SSFs. The third section will investigate productivity within markets in light of SSFs. This will cover how labour is used differently within SSFs and how, as more market share is gained by an SSF, the overall ratio of capital to labour input within a market changes. If we continue to make progress in the fields of automation and artificial intelligence, it will benefit these Superstar firms the most, at the expense of labour. This third section may provide an insight into the potential harms of these developments to workers across the world. The SSF model was only put forward in 2017 so this is a relatively new field but it has already garnered great interest. In a time in which many are questioning the merits of globalisation and technological progress it is important we investigate those who have benefited the most. My research will shed light on what has happened to the re-distribution of resources and, as in Autor et a, could explain the fall in labour's share of GDP seen in many developed countries.

在历史上有许多时期，企业对个人拥有巨大的权力，但是可以说，没有人比今天所谓的“超级巨星公司”（SSF）拥有那么多的影响力。技术的最新发展，包括自动化，机器学习和算法数据处理，以及机器人技术的更高精度和可伸缩性，再加上经济体之间的全球化和一般相互依存，创造了一个世界，在这个世界中，市场中最好的公司可以完全统治整个世界的产品或服务的供应。这种主导地位的两个最明确的例子是Uber和Google。我的论文将扩展到Autor等人的工作，并在三个广泛的部分中检查超级巨星企业模型。第一个将是使用更加分类，可以说更准确的，衡量进口商浓度/竞争的方法，对Autor等人的方法进行重新估计。第二个将涵盖许多竞争管理局（CA）案例研究，以查看SSF如何被指控滥用其立场，其他人可能会在其中做同样的事情以及CAS对SSF的惩罚有效性。第三部分将根据SSF调查市场的生产率。这将涵盖SSF中劳动力的使用方式不同，以及随着SSF获得更多的市场份额，资本与劳动力投入的总体比率在市场变化中的总比率。如果我们继续在自动化和人工智能领域取得进步，它将以牺牲劳动力为代价，使这些超级巨星公司受益最大。这第三部分可以深入了解这些发展对世界各地工人的潜在危害。 SSF模型仅在2017年提出，因此这是一个相对较新的领域，但它已经引起了极大的兴趣。在许多人质疑全球化和技术进步的优点的时候，重要的是我们调查那些受益最大的人。我的研究将阐明资源重新分配发生了什么，就像在Autor et a中一样，可以解释工党在许多发达国家中看到的GDP的下降。