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Genetic regulation of senescence, nutrient remobilisation and grain protein content in wheat

小麦衰老、养分再利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的遗传调控

基本信息

批准号：
2264969
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2264969
关键词：
Genetic regulation senescence nutrient remobilisation

项目摘要

Production of staple crops such as wheat must increase by 50 % to meet the food requirements of the global population which is projected to exceed 9 billion people by 2050. Wheat plays several important roles in the human diet providing 20 % of calories and 20 % of protein eaten by humankind. This dual role presents a challenge because in general there is a negative trade-off between yield and protein content. This means that when we aim to increase yield, protein content may decrease which could have an adverse effect on human nutrition. Furthermore, high protein levels are required to process wheat flour into bread, and lower protein levels would result in poor quality bread. This project focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the negative trade-off between yield and protein content. This knowledge will allow wheat varieties with improved yield and enhanced protein content to be developed.During grain development, the plant may either continue to photosynthesise which could increase yield, or the plant may start to senesce, allowing nutrients to be remobilised from vegetative tissues into the developing grain and thus increase protein content. We have identified a set of candidate transcription factors which regulate senescence in wheat which we hypothesise will also play a role in regulating nutrient remobilisation. In this project we will investigate the roles of these transcription factors in regulating senescence and nutrient remobilisation and determine their effects on yield and grain protein content.

小麦等主要作物的产量必须增加 50%，才能满足全球人口的粮食需求，预计到 2050 年，全球人口将超过 90 亿。小麦在人类饮食中发挥着多种重要作用，提供人类消耗的 20% 的热量和 20% 的蛋白质。这种双重作用提出了挑战，因为通常产量和蛋白质含量之间存在负权衡。这意味着当我们旨在提高产量时，蛋白质含量可能会下降，这可能对人类营养产生不利影响。此外，将小麦粉加工成面包需要高蛋白质含量，而较低的蛋白质含量会导致面包质量较差。该项目的重点是了解控制产量和蛋白质含量之间负权衡的分子机制。这些知识将有助于培育出产量更高、蛋白质含量更高的小麦品种。在谷物发育过程中，植物要么继续进行光合作用，从而提高产量，要么植物可能开始衰老，使营养物质从营养组织重新转移到发育中的谷物中，从而增加蛋白质含量。我们已经确定了一组调节小麦衰老的候选转录因子，我们假设它们也将在调节养分再动员中发挥作用。在这个项目中，我们将研究这些转录因子在调节衰老和养分再动员中的作用，并确定它们对产量和谷物蛋白质含量的影响。