Elizabeth Cromwell, Lady Protectress, and Political Culture 1647-1665

我想探究奥利弗·克伦威尔的妻子，被称为女保护人，她的角色是什么，以及这对政治文化的启示，尤其是对权力的概念。与早期时期，特别是中世纪晚期相比，像j。l。莱内史密斯和约翰·卡米·帕森斯对女王的角色给出了一个清晰的概念，17世纪早期，配偶的角色还没有被清晰地勾勒出来，伊丽莎白·克伦威尔作为女保护神的重要性根本没有被考虑到。学术界对奥利弗·克伦威尔的妻子伊丽莎白·克伦威尔的兴趣一直非常有限。在他的ODNB条目中，彼得·冈特概述了伊丽莎白在丈夫升任护国公前后出席公共活动的情况，她被称为“女保护神”，在丈夫去世后，她被称为“太后殿下”。他还认为，虽然她确实出现在保皇党的新闻书籍和宣传中，但当时没有人声称她有重要的政治角色，虽然她可能对她的丈夫有一些有限的影响，但没有证据支持这一点，而且她的家庭成员似乎也没有通过她获得晋升。然而，即使她没有政治角色，她仍然是保皇党宣传者的价值，正如劳拉·伦格·克诺珀斯所证明的那样。她研究了据称是亨利埃塔·玛丽亚王后和伊丽莎白·克伦威尔的食谱，强调了国内语言对政治权力合法化或非合法化的重要性，并认为将伊丽莎白描绘成粗俗和普通的形象是为了加强恢复的君主制。

I would like to investigate what the role of Oliver Cromwell'swife, given the title Lady Protectress, was understood to be, and what this can revealregarding political culture, particularly conceptions of power.In contrast to earlier periods, particularly late medieval history, where historians such asJ.L. Laynesmith and John Carmi Parsons have provided a clear idea of what the role of thequeen was, the role of the consort in the early seventeenth century has not been clearlyoutlined, and the significance of Elizabeth Cromwell's role of Lady Protectress has not beenconsidered at all.Academic interest in Elizabeth Cromwell, the wife of Oliver Cromwell, hasbeen very limited. In his ODNB entry, Peter Gaunt outlines Elizabeth's presence at publicevents before and after her husband's elevation to Lord Protector, and that she was styledLady Protectress, and after her husband's death as her highness dowager. He also arguesthat while she did feature in royalist newsbooks and propaganda, no one at the timeclaimed she had a significant political role, and while she may have had some limitedinfluence with her husband, there is no evidence to support this, and no member of herfamily seems to have gained advancement through her. However, even if she did not havea political role, she was still of value to royalist propagandists, as has been demonstrated byLaura Lunger Knoppers. Studying the cookbooks which purported to be the recipes ofQueen Henrietta Maria and Elizabeth Cromwell, she has highlighted the importance of domestic language for legitimising or delegitimising political power, arguing that a portrayalof Elizabeth as vulgar and common was designed to reinforce the restored monarchy.