Implicit and Explicit Attention Capture

内隐和外显的注意力捕获

• 批准号: 6643381
• 负责人: Daniel J. Simons
• 金额: $ 18.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-24 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6643381
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; consciousness; expectancy; human subject; perception; psychic activity level; psychological concentration; psychological tests; response generalization; sensory signal detection; stimulus /response; visual perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The issue of attention capture is of fundamental importance to understanding what we perceive and how we react when confronted with a salient, but previously unattended object or event. Two distinct, and almost entirely separate, literatures have examined this issue. One has measured implicit attention capture the effects of an unattended stimulus on performance of a primary task. Implicit capture studies determine whether attention capture has occurred by measuring whether or not the presence of a stimulus disrupts (or facilitates) performance on an attention-demanding primary task. Such studies address only the behavioral consequences of an irrelevant stimulus and do not systematically explore whether or not observers are aware of the capturing stimulus. The other literature measures explicit attention capture - the conscious awareness of a previously unanticipated stimulus. Both approaches are crucial to a complete understanding of capture in the laboratory and in the real world. However, in isolation, each literature has neglected critical aspects of capture. The proposed experiments use attention tasks developed in prior work on attention capture as well as several new paradigms in order to identify the factors that influence the explicit noticing of unexpected objects as well as subtle effects of irrelevant or unexpected events on behavior. In so doing, they address a number of open issues in both literatures. The studies focus on three main questions: (1) what role do expectations play in capture? (2) how does the nature of the critical object or event contribute to capture? and (3) how does engagement in a primary task contribute to capture? By varying the nature of the critical, unattended event, these studies will explore how capture is influenced by the behavioral relevance of the new object. Moreover, by varying the nature of the primary task and the degree of engagement required of subjects, these studies provide a more accurate picture of how attention capture operates in demanding and dynamic situations. Ideally, these studies will help to generalize results from simplified visual search tasks to more complex, real-world perception, thereby leading to a better understanding of the detection of important, but unexpected objects. By integrating approaches from both the implicit and explicit capture literatures, these studies may contribute to an improved understanding of both normal and damaged attentional processing (e.g., as in people with attention deficit disorder).

描述(申请人提供)：注意力捕获问题是 对于理解我们感知到的内容以及我们在 面对突出的、但以前无人注意的物体或事件。二 不同的、几乎完全不同的文献研究了这个问题。 一个人测量了无人看管的人的内隐注意力捕获的影响 对主要任务的表现的刺激。隐含捕获研究确定 通过测量存在与否来确定是否发生了注意力捕获 刺激会扰乱(或促进)需要注意的人的表现 主要任务。这样的研究只涉及一种行为后果 不相关的刺激，没有系统地探索观察者是否 都意识到了令人着迷的刺激。其他文献则明确地衡量了 注意力捕捉--有意识地意识到以前未曾预料到的 刺激。这两种方法对于全面理解 在实验室和现实世界中。然而，孤立地看，每部文学作品 忽视了抓捕的关键方面。拟议的实验使用 注意力捕获的先前工作中开发的注意任务以及几个 新的范式，以确定影响显性的因素 注意到意想不到的对象以及不相关或 行为上的意外事件。在这样做时，他们解决了一些公开问题 两篇文献中的问题。这些研究主要集中在三个问题上：(1)什么 期望在捕获中起到什么作用？(2)关键问题的性质如何 对象或事件对捕获有贡献吗？以及(3)在初选中如何参与 任务对捕获有贡献吗？通过改变关键的、无人值守的性质 事件，这些研究将探索捕获如何受到行为的影响 新对象的关联性。此外，通过改变初选的性质 任务和受试者所需的敬业度，这些研究提供了 更准确地了解注意力捕获如何在要求苛刻的 动态的情况。理想情况下，这些研究将有助于推广以下结果 将视觉搜索任务简化为更复杂、更真实的感知，从而 导致更好地理解检测到的重要但意想不到的 物体。通过集成来自隐式捕获和显式捕获的方法 文献，这些研究可能有助于更好地理解两者 正常和受损的注意处理(例如，在有注意力的人中 缺乏症)。