The "Chevaliers de la Jubilation" - Exile, Secret Societies, and Clandestine Politics in Early Eighteenth Century Holland

这项拟议中的研究旨在探索十八世纪头十年，一小群从路易十四统治下的法国逃往荷兰的流亡者的生活、作品、知识和政治联系。这四位流亡者——普罗斯普·马尔尚、查尔斯·勒维埃、伯纳德·皮卡特和让·德贝——在1709年至1710年间离开了法国；在某种程度上，他们逃离的原因仍然不清楚。在他们到达荷兰之后，在1710年末，这四个人都出席了一个名为“欢庆骑士”的社团的会议（并被命名为成员）。骑士会的确切性质仍有待商榷——解释从共济会到放荡不羁的喧闹都有。在这次初次会议之后的几个月里，骑士的一些成员作为另一个团体的一部分被记录下来，这个团体的名称是“hermsamias军团”。次年，一个社会组织成立，其中包括来自两个早期组织的成员，《社会组织》杂志由此诞生——第一版于1713年出版。除了与文学共和国的关系外，该组织的成员还与重要的政治人物有联系，如欧格伦·德·萨瓦王子、霍亨多夫男爵、美国将军的领导人和行政人员，以及（通过约翰·托兰等人）英国的政治家——这些关系的性质目前仍不清楚。通过对这四个人物（以及他们的亲密关系）的详细探索和考虑，拟议的研究不仅将解决与该团体直接相关的问题，而且还将解决关于作为第二波“胡格诺派”的一部分离开法国到荷兰寻求流亡的个人的意识形态构成和动机的重要更广泛的问题；想要成为文员的人在文员共和国立足所使用的方法和所面临的困难；文学共和国内部私人知识分子会议小组的作用和贡献；以及西班牙王位继承战争后期不透明的跨国政治操纵

The proposed research aims to explore the lives, works, intellectual and political connections of a small group of exiles who fled Louis XIV's France for Holland during the first decade of the eighteenth century. The four exiles in question - Prosper Marchand, Charles Levier, Bernard Picart, and Jean De Bey - left France between 1709 and 1710; their reasons for fleeing still remain, to some degree, unclear. Following their arrival in Holland, in late 1710 all four were present at a meeting (and named as members) of a society which went by the name of the "Chevaliers de la Jubilation". The exact nature of the Chevaliers remains open to question - explanations have ranged from freemasonry to libertine rowdiness. In the months following this initial meeting some members of the Chevaliers are recorded meeting up as part of another group with the title of the Vénérable Corps hermétique. The following year a Société would form containing members from both of the earlier groups and from which the Journal litéraire would emerge - its first edition appearing in 1713. Alongside their connections within the Republic of Letters, members of the group also had connections to important political figures such as Prince Eugène de Savoie, Baron Hohendorf, leaders and administrators of the States General, and (via men such as John Toland) politicians in England - the nature of many of these connections is, once again, unclear at present. Via a detailed exploration and consideration of these four figures (and their intimates) the proposed research will address not only issues directly connected to the group, but also important broader questions concerning the ideological constitution and motivations of individuals who left France as part of this second wave of "Huguenots" to seek exile in Holland; the methods used, and the difficulties faced, by would-be lettrés in establishing themselves in the Republic of Letters; the role and contributions of private intellectual meeting groups within the Republic of Letters; and also the opaque transnational political manoeuvrings which occurred during the latter years of the War of the Spanish Succession