Improving the nutritional quality of indigenous vegetable crops under climate change

气候变化下提高本土蔬菜作物的营养品质

• 批准号: 2271009
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2271009
• 关键词: Improving; nutritional; quality; indigenous; vegetable

Improving the nutritional quality of indigenous vegetable crops under climate change Malnutrition affects one in three people on the planet, with 2 billion people being deficient in one or more micronutrients. In the coming decades, climate change will present a major challenge to agriculture, natural ecosystems, and global economies, for producing enough and nutritious food, which has been reflected in sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. Rainfall patterns have already begun to vary. The frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, cyclones, and storm surges will increase and the prevalence of sea-level rise and salinity will also increase. Some of the strategies recommended for climate change mitigation and adaptation include the establishment of more diverse cropping systems with the inclusion of crops that are drought and heat stress-tolerant, to better adapt to climate variability and new pest and disease pressure. The sustainable production and consumption of biodiverse indigenous nutritious horticultural crops provide a key part of the solution to this problem in low income developing countries. Many indigenous vegetable species are grown and sold in local markets, mainly by female producers, as a source of income to alleviate their poverty in low-income countries. However, many of these crops are under-researched and their full potential has not been realised. Solanum aethiopicum (African eggplant) is an indigenous vegetable crop and majorly produced and consumed in tropical areas of sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. African eggplant exhibits such large diversity and this species has four cultivar groups, however, it has been neglected in research in comparison to the common eggplant/aubergine, S. melongena. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) used as leaf vegetables and is native to Central and Eastern Asia. It has acquired the status of popular vegetable crop due to its wider adaptability to various agro-climatic conditions. The leaves may be eaten raw, for example, in a salad. Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) is an old domesticated and multi-purpose crop native to Africa and it is cultivated throughout the tropics. The fruit and beans are edible if boiled well, the leaves and root can as well be consumed. Some indigenous vegetables can tolerate a wide spectrum of abiotic changes. However, some species are more sensitive than others and also farmers face pests and disease problems along with water shortages that hamper their productivity. Climate change has varying effects on plants responses at the level of molecular function, developmental processes, morphological traits, and basic physiological responses. Plants may respond similarly to avoid one or more stresses through morphological or biochemical mechanisms. Environmental interactions may make the stress response of plants more complex or influence the degree of impact of climate change. Understanding these climate change-induced stresses are critical for sustainable production of nutritious vegetables. The PhD student will: - Understand the effects of climate change on the nutritional quality of indigenous vegetable crops - Investigate genetic variability on commercial cultivars but as well on mapping populations. - Determine agronomic practices and post-harvest handling practices that improve the yield and nutritional quality of indigenous vegetable crops.

在气候变化营养不良的情况下，改善本土蔬菜作物的营养质量影响到地球上三分之一的人，20亿人缺乏一种或多种微量营养素。在接下来的几十年里，气候变化将对农业、自然生态系统和全球经济生产足够和营养的粮食构成重大挑战，这已反映在农业系统的可持续集约化上。降雨模式已经开始发生变化。洪水、干旱、气旋和风暴潮的频率和强度将增加，海平面上升和盐碱化的流行也将增加。建议的一些减缓和适应气候变化的战略包括建立更多样化的种植制度，包括种植耐干旱和耐高温的作物，以更好地适应气候多变性和新的病虫害压力。在低收入发展中国家，生物多样性本土营养园艺作物的可持续生产和消费是解决这一问题的关键部分。许多本土蔬菜品种主要由女性生产者在当地市场种植和销售，作为减轻低收入国家贫困的一种收入来源。然而，这些作物中的许多都没有得到充分的研究，它们的全部潜力还没有实现。非洲茄子(Solanum Athiiopicum)是一种土生土长的蔬菜作物，主要产于撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和东南亚的热带地区。非洲茄子表现出如此大的多样性，该物种有四个品种群，但与常见的茄子/茄子相比，它在研究中一直被忽视。印度芥菜(Brassica jiea var.)(十字花科)叶类蔬菜，原产于中亚和东亚。由于其对各种农业气候条件的广泛适应性，它已获得受欢迎的蔬菜作物的地位。叶子可以生吃，例如，在沙拉中。紫豆是一种古老的驯化的多功能作物，原产于非洲，在整个热带地区都有种植。如果煮熟了，水果和豆子是可以吃的，树叶和根也可以吃。一些本土蔬菜可以耐受广泛的非生物变化。然而，一些物种比其他物种更敏感，农民也面临虫害和疾病问题，以及阻碍他们生产力的水资源短缺。气候变化在分子功能、发育过程、形态特征和基本生理反应水平上对植物的反应有不同程度的影响。植物可能通过形态或生化机制做出类似的反应，以避免一种或多种逆境。环境相互作用可能会使植物的逆境反应更加复杂，或者影响气候变化的影响程度。了解这些气候变化引起的压力对于营养蔬菜的可持续生产至关重要。这位博士生将：-了解气候变化对本土蔬菜作物营养质量的影响-研究商业品种的遗传变异性，以及对绘制种群图的影响。-确定提高本地蔬菜作物产量和营养质量的农艺做法和收获后处理做法。