Laser Spectroscopy of Radioactive Isotopes

质子和中子都不是基本粒子，所以把它们凝聚在原子核里的力还没有完全弄清楚。我们想要了解原子核的特征和性质，这些特征和性质在整个原子核图中产生和变化往往非常迅速。稳定的原子核只是目前已知存在的许多原子核中的一小部分，为了得到全面的了解，我们必须制造和研究那些只存在几毫秒或更短时间的原子核。这只有在国际加速器实验室才有可能实现，在那里，原子核是在使用高能束的反应中产生的。然后使用电场和磁场（以及激光）将放射性产物形成光束，过滤它们，并将它们沿着真空管道引导到实验站。我们使用的设备取决于我们希望研究哪些核。激光光谱学用于激发能级之间的电子，在超精细的分辨率水平上，由于每个原子核的性质，能级被不同地分裂和移动。用这种方法，原子核的性质将被研究。

Protons and neutrons are not elementary particles, and so the forces which hold them together in a nucleus are not fully understood. We would like to understand the features and properties of nuclei which result, and vary, often quite rapidly, across the nuclear chart. Stable nuclei are only a small fraction of the many nuclei currently known to exist, and to get a full picture we must produce and study those which only live for perhaps milliseconds or less.This is only possible at international accelerator laboratories, where nuclei are produced in reactions using high energy beams. Electric and magnetic fields (and lasers) are then used to form the radioactive products into beams, filter them, and direct them along vacuum pipes to the experimental stations. The facility we use depends on which nuclei we wish to study.Laser spectroscopy is used to excite electrons between energy levels, and on the hyperfine level of resolution, the energy levels are split and shifted differently due to the properties of each nucleus. Using this method, the properties of the nucleus will be investigated.