Charged Particle Acceleration in Solar Eruptive Events

了解在太阳耀斑中观测到的大量非热加速粒子的产生机制是目前太阳物理学中最有趣的未解决问题之一。为太阳爆发事件提供动力的能量基本上来自日冕磁场，其释放涉及磁重联。磁重联过程中存在多种粒子加速机制。虽然磁重联过程中产生的平行电场是粒子加速的一个明显的潜在机制，但由于非理想重联区域的大小非常有限，它是否能解释观测到的高能粒子的数量存在一些疑问。与重联流出区有关的机制已经研究了几十年，到目前为止，在宏观尺度上的加速结果有些不确定，但最近在较小尺度上的操作得到了更多的关注。在这个博士项目中，将探索重连流出区粒子加速机制的各种以前未研究的方面。特别是，计划该项目将重点关注2D和3D模型之间的差异。该项目将主要使用测试粒子计算作为工具。该项目本质上主要是理论性的，但在可能的情况下，将与观测结果进行比较。博士生将参加太阳和磁层理论小组的指导阅读计划，该计划在她的博士学位开始时进行3个月。该计划包括一些可转移技能培训（在Fortran编程和使用LaTeX等）。她还将参加小组研讨会和应用数学研讨会，这两个研讨会在学期期间每周都会举行。她将有机会参加苏格兰数学科学培训中心（SMSTC）或苏格兰大学物理联盟（SUPA）的课程（通过视频链接提供）。学生还将有机会参加圣安德鲁斯大学通过CAPOD和GRADSkills单元提供的可转换技能课程。

Understanding the mechanisms for the generation of the large number of non-thermal accelerated particles observed in solar flares is currently one of the most interesting unsolved problems in solar physics. The energy for powering solar eruptive events fundamentally comes from the coronal magnetic field and its release involves magnetic reconnection. A variety of particle acceleration mechanisms have been associated with the process of magnetic reconnection. While the parallel electric field generated during magnetic reconnection is an obvious potential mechanism for particle acceleration, there is some doubt whether it can account for the number of high-energy particles observed due to the very limited size of the non-ideal reconnection regions. Mechanisms linked to the reconnection outflow region have been studied for a couple of decades, so far with somewhat inconclusive results for acceleration on macroscopic scales, but have recently have gained more attention for operating on smaller scales. In this PhD project various previously unstudied aspects of particle acceleration mechanisms in reconnection outflow regions will be explored. In particular, it is planned that the project will focus on the differences between 2D and 3D models. The project will mainly use test particle calculations as a tool. The project is mainly theoretical in nature, but where possible comparison with observations will be made.The PhD student will take part in the Solar and Magnetospheric Theory Group's Guide Reading Programme which runs for 3 months at the start of her PhD. This programme includes some transferable skills training (coding in Fortran and using LaTeX etc). She will also be attending the group seminar and the applied mathematics seminar, both of which run weekly during term time. She will have the opportunity to take courses (delivered by video link) with the Scottish Mathematical Sciences Training Centre (SMSTC) or with the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). The student will also have the opportunity to enrol in transferable skills course offered by the University of St Andrews via its CAPOD and GRADSkills units.