What was the role of moral thought in how the UK's community-based mental health charities approached the return to wellness from 1879 to 1945?

我将研究道德思想在1879年至1945年间在英国运作的五个以社区为基础的心理健康慈善机构中的作用。在这些组织中，世俗的道德观念与医学精神病学的观念在协商心理健康的意义时融合在一起。当然，慈善被视为一种内在的道德努力，积极分子的道德在决定患者在社会中应该如何康复方面具有影响力。在调查人们如何确定病人是否“好转”的过程中，这项工作将形成一项精神健康研究，从而与传统的疯癫史有所不同。本项目将运用历史方法探讨慈善家创立和资助慈善机构的动机；慈善机构如何确定需要治疗的病人，以及所采用的基于社区的治疗方法。因此，这项工作将通过研究社区或“旁观者”的经历，以及从业人员、患者和亲属的经历，为疯狂史增添一个新的方法论维度。这个项目将明确的从历史调查中产生的伦理意义。慈善机构奉行的一些政策在今天看来显然是不道德的。这个项目将研究这些决定是如何以及为什么做出的，而不是通过判断。在阐明影响过去行为者道德推理的医学、社会和经济因素的过程中，这项工作可以产生新的问题，以鼓励当今慈善机构进行批判性的道德推理

I will examine the role of moral thought in the five community-based mental health charities that operated in the UKbetween 1879 and 1945. In these organisations, lay ideas of morality converged with medical psychiatric ideas innegotiating the meaning of mental wellness. Certainly, charity was seen as an inherently moral endeavour, and activists'morals were influential in determining how patients should be rehabilitated in society. In investigating how personneldetermined whether a patient was 'better' this work will form a study of mental wellness, thereby differing from traditionalhistories of madness. This project will use historical methods to explore philanthropists' motivations for founding andfunding the charities; how charities identified patients for treatment, and the community-based therapeutic methods used.The work will hence add a new methodological dimension to the history of madness by examining community or'onlooker' experiences, as well as those of practitioners, patients and relatives. This project will make explicit the ethicalimplications arising from the historical investigation. The charities pursued some policies that today seem obviouslyunethical. Rather than pass judgement, this project will examine how and why such decisions were made. In illuminatingthe medical, social and economic factors affecting past actors' moral reasoning, this work could generate new questionsto encourage critical ethical reasoning in charities today