What was the role of moral thought in how the UK's community-based mental health charities approached the return to wellness from 1879 to 1945?

我将考察道德思想在1879年至1945年间在英国运营的五家社区心理健康慈善机构中的作用。在这些组织中，世俗的道德观念与医学精神病学的观念在讨论精神健康的意义时汇聚在一起。当然，慈善被视为一种内在的道德努力，积极分子的道德在决定患者应该如何在社会上康复方面发挥了影响。在调查人们如何判断病人是否“更好”时，这项工作将形成一项关于精神健康的研究，从而不同于传统的精神错误史。这个项目将使用历史方法来探索慈善家创建和资助慈善机构的动机；慈善机构如何识别接受治疗的患者，以及基于社区的治疗方法。因此，通过研究社区或旁观者的经历，以及从业者、患者和亲属的经历，这项工作将为疯人史增添一个新的方法论维度。这一项目将明确历史调查所产生的伦理影响。这些慈善机构推行的一些政策在今天看来显然是不道德的。这个项目不会做出判断，而是会研究这些决定是如何做出的，以及为什么会做出。在阐明影响过去参与者道德推理的医学、社会和经济因素时，这项工作可能会产生新的问题，以鼓励当今慈善机构的批判性伦理推理

I will examine the role of moral thought in the five community-based mental health charities that operated in the UKbetween 1879 and 1945. In these organisations, lay ideas of morality converged with medical psychiatric ideas innegotiating the meaning of mental wellness. Certainly, charity was seen as an inherently moral endeavour, and activists'morals were influential in determining how patients should be rehabilitated in society. In investigating how personneldetermined whether a patient was 'better' this work will form a study of mental wellness, thereby differing from traditionalhistories of madness. This project will use historical methods to explore philanthropists' motivations for founding andfunding the charities; how charities identified patients for treatment, and the community-based therapeutic methods used.The work will hence add a new methodological dimension to the history of madness by examining community or'onlooker' experiences, as well as those of practitioners, patients and relatives. This project will make explicit the ethicalimplications arising from the historical investigation. The charities pursued some policies that today seem obviouslyunethical. Rather than pass judgement, this project will examine how and why such decisions were made. In illuminatingthe medical, social and economic factors affecting past actors' moral reasoning, this work could generate new questionsto encourage critical ethical reasoning in charities today