The tax collector and the priest: Matthew the Evangelist in the writings of Bede (c.673-735)

作为《圣经》第一部对观福音书的作者，福音传道者马太是基督教传统中最重要的人物之一。在中世纪，福音传道者等同于同名的使徒。他对耶稣教义的关注对正在建立根基的盎格鲁-撒克逊教会至关重要。盎格鲁-撒克逊人对《圣经》有着浓厚的兴趣，尤其是在比德的威尔茅斯-贾罗修道院，这一点从盖弗里斯修道院出版的三本《圣经》中可以看出，其中一本至今仍完好无损（《阿米蒂努抄本》）。比德是盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最多产的拉丁作家和最重要的知识分子。本研究计划将探讨马太福音传道者在比德的训诂、历史和讲道作品中的形象。它将为比德对罪和皈依的看法提供新的见解，因为比德将马太从税吏到使徒的转变解释为当代罪人效仿的榜样。重点将放在个人上，因为马太对比德有明确的个人意义，建立在丰富的文学传统之上，尤其是圣徒传记，训诂和福音书手稿中的序言文本。在比德和阿卡的交流中，阿卡是比德的教区赫克瑟姆主教，阿卡质疑比德将马太与狮子的象征联系在一起，这与杰罗姆对男人的认同是相反的，这是盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰公认的标准。这种交流表明，比德对马太的描绘在早期盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰是一个活生生的问题。由于比德是古代晚期和加洛林王朝之间的重要桥梁，他的神学观点产生了持久的影响。因此，该项目将填补盎格鲁-撒克逊研究的空白，但也将与更广泛的中世纪教会思想史相关。

As the author of the first synoptic gospel in the Vulgate, Matthew the evangelist is one of the most important individuals in the Christian tradition. In the Middle Ages the evangelist was identified with the apostle of the same name. His focus on the teachings of Jesus was crucial for an Anglo-Saxon Church that was building its foundations. There was acute Anglo-Saxon interest in the Vulgate, particularly in Bede's monastery Wearmouth-Jarrow, as is evident from the production of three bibles under Ceolfrith's abbacy, one of which is still intact (the Codex Amiatinus). Bede was the most prolific Latin writer and foremost intellectual of the Anglo-Saxon period. This research project will explore the portrayal of Matthew the evangelist in Bede's exegetical, historical and homiletic writings. It will provide new insight into Bede's approach towards sin and conversion, as Bede interpreted Matthew's transition from tax collector to apostle as a model for contemporary sinners to emulate. Emphasis will be on the individual because Matthew had a definite personal for Bede, built up from a rich tradition of literature, especially hagiography, exegises and prefatory extexts in gospel manuscripts. In an exchange between Bede and Acca, who as bishop of Hexham was Bede's diocesan, Acca challenged Bede's association of Matthew with the symbol of the lion, which was contrary to Jerome's identification of the man, the accepted norm in Anglo-Saxon England. This exchange shows that Bede's portrayal of Matthew was a live issue in early Anglo-Saxon England. Since Bede was a crucial bridge between Late Antiquity and the Carolingian era, his theological views had a lasting impact. The project will therefore fill a gap in Anglo-Saxon studies but will also have relevance to the wider intellectual history of the Medieval Church.