Oral HIV Exposure May Result in Transient Infection

口服艾滋病毒暴露可能导致短暂感染

• 批准号: 6740166
• 负责人: Miles W. Cloyd
• 金额: $ 22.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6740166
• 关键词: AIDS /HIV diagnosis; HIV envelope protein gp41; HIV infections; antiviral antibody; behavioral /social science research tag; biopsy; blood chemistry; clinical chemistry; clinical research; diagnosis quality /standard; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human immunodeficiency virus; human subject; immunoglobulin isotypes; longitudinal human study; oral pharyngeal; polymerase chain reaction; questionnaires; saliva; sex behavior; virus infection mechanism; western blottings

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have both old and more recent data which indicate that adults at high-risk for HIV infection sometimes become transiently infected with HIV. This includes: (1) transient appearance of serum antibodies (Ab) to conformational epitopes to gp41/gp160; (2) transient appearance of HIV in the PBMCs at the same time as Ab in many cases; (3) paternity typing of PBMC samples taken at the time of Ab and virus positivity and later when the subject is negative for both, showing that they are from the same subject; (4) sequence analysis of the viruses present in transiently infected subjects, showing that they are not lab contaminants; and (5) demonstration in one case in which the virus in a transiently infected subject was genetically related to the virus in genital fluids from his HIV+partner. Longitudinal statistics from studies of 37 high-risk subjects over 4 years showed that transient infections were more frequent than progressive infections, and that the former was associated with unprotected oral sex, while the latter was associated with unprotected genital sex. HIV was found by PCR in the tonsil of one such transiently HIV infected subject, but it was not detected in the PBMCs. We hypothesize that transient HIV infections do occur in high-risk adults and that this is due principally to the route of infection, i.e. oral infection. However, we will focus this project only on proving the hypothesis that transient infection occurs. Our specific Aims are: (1) to obtain overwhelmingly convincing documentation of cases of transient HIV infection; and (2)determine if monitoring for HIV in tonsil biopsies and anti-gp41 Ab IgA, IgG and IgM in saliva is better than or provides more information than monitoring in blood. Although transient infection is presently controversial, our data strongly indicate that it occurs and that it may be due to oral infection.

描述(由申请人提供)：我们有旧的和最近的数据表明，艾滋病毒感染的高危成年人有时会短暂感染艾滋病毒。这包括：(1)针对gp41/gp160构象表位的血清抗体(Ab)的瞬时出现；(2)在许多情况下，HIV在PBMC中与Ab同时出现；(3)在抗体和病毒阳性时以及后来当受试者两者均为阴性时采集的PBMC样本的亲子鉴定，表明它们来自同一受试者；(4)对瞬时感染的受试者中存在的病毒进行序列分析，表明它们不是实验室污染物；以及(5)在一例病例中，瞬时感染对象体内的病毒与其HIV+性伴侣生殖液中的病毒存在遗传关系。对37名高危人群4年来的纵向研究统计表明，一过性感染比进展性感染更常见，前者与无保护的口交有关，而后者与无保护的生殖器性行为有关。通过聚合酶链式反应在一名这样的暂时性HIV感染者的扁桃体中发现了HIV，但在PBMC中没有检测到它。我们假设，短暂的艾滋病毒感染确实发生在高危成年人中，这主要是由于感染途径，即口腔感染。然而，我们将把这个项目的重点放在证明发生暂时性感染的假设上。我们的具体目标是：(1)获得压倒性令人信服的一过性艾滋病毒感染病例的记录；(2)确定扁桃体活检中的艾滋病毒监测和唾液中的抗gp41抗体IgA、IgG和IgM监测是否比血液监测更好或提供更多信息。尽管一过性感染目前仍有争议，但我们的数据有力地表明，它发生了，而且可能是由于口腔感染。