Multi-Tracer PET Quantitation of Insulin Action

描述（由申请人提供）：2型糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗（IR） 糖尿病以及肥胖症以组织特异性方式表达。到 获得新的洞察力的发病机制的IR和评估治疗，它 具有组织特异性评估方法将非常有用， 用于人类研究。该提案的目标是发展和 验证一种新的三示踪剂正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像 检测体内胰岛素刺激的血流、葡萄糖转运和 健康人和胰岛素抵抗者骨骼肌葡萄糖磷酸化 个体我们将使用这种方法来检验控制的假设， 胰岛素刺激骨骼肌中的葡萄糖代谢分布在 流动、运输和磷酸化。我们还发现胰岛素抵抗 源于这种分布式控制系统的损害，而不是 一个单一的支配性收缩。 我们确定了五个具体目标。第一个目标是发展 三重示踪PET方法，将使用15O-H2O测量血流量， 组织灌注，11C-3-O-甲基葡萄糖作为葡萄糖的选择性示踪剂 转运和18F-2-脱氧-2-氟-葡萄糖作为葡萄糖的选择性示踪剂 运输和磷酸化。由于两种药物的半衰期不同， 三个正电子（15O，11C和18F），这些类似物将在 同一个人的代谢研究。我们将使用动态PET成像， 监测组织代谢的时间进程，我们的第二个目标是开发 并测试数学模型以提取定量生理信息。 我们将使用房室模型和非房室模型，以及参数映射， 并运用统计学原理检验每种方法的适用性。的 3种示踪剂的生物化学特异性将为 测试和优化这些建模方法。第三个目标是利用 研究2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的三重示踪PET方法和模型 糖尿病和肥胖症。第四个目标是审查 胰岛素刺激组织后FFA升高（通过脂质输注实现） 灌注，葡萄糖转运和磷酸化，第五个目标将是 检查通过运动增强胰岛素敏感性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as in obesity, is expressed in a tissue specific manner. To gain new insight into the pathogenesis of IR and for assessing therapy, it would be very useful to have tissue specific methods of assessment that can be used in human investigations. The goal of this proposal is to develop and validate a novel triple-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging method to examine in vivo insulin-stimulated blood flow, glucose transport and glucose phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in healthy and insulin resistant individuals. We will use this method to test the hypothesis that control over insulin stimulated glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle in distributed across flow, transport and phosphorylation. We also posit that insulin resistance derives from an impairment of this system of distributed control rather than from a single dominating constriction. We have identified five specific aims. The first aim that of developing the triple tracer PET method, will be to use 15O-H2O to measure blood flow and tissue perfusion, 11C-3-O-methyl glucose as a selective tracer for glucose transport and 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose as a selective tracer for glucose transport and phosphorylation. Because of the differences in half-life of the three positrons (15O, 11C and 18F), these analogs will be used in series during one metabolic study in the same individual. We will use dynamic PET imaging to monitor the time course of tissue metabolism and our second aim is to develop and test mathematical models to extract quantitative physiological information. We will use compartmental and non-compartmental models, and parametric mapping, and test the appropriateness of each approach by statistical principles. The biochemical specificity of the 3 tracers will provide rigorous criteria for testing and optimizing these modeling methods. The third aim will be to use the triple tracer PET method and modeling to study insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The fourth aim will be to examine the effects of elevated FFA (achieved by lipid infusion) upon insulin-stimulated tissue perfusion, glucose transport and phosphorylation, and the fifth aim will be to examine enhancement of insulin sensitivity by exercise.