UK-EU Changing Relationship and its Impact on UK National Museums: A study of the time period 1991-2021

通过案例研究和档案研究、访谈和焦点小组的结合，这个跨学科博士项目旨在调查英国与欧盟关系变化的三个关键事件，包括英国签署《马斯特里赫特条约》（1991年）、《里斯本条约》（2009年）和英国脱欧（2020年），如何影响英国国家博物馆实践的四个关键领域：巡回展览、研究合作、资金和劳动力。英国与欧盟关系的未来存在大量不确定性（赫姆斯，2016年，第1页）。自脱欧公投通过以来，英国的国际关系开始发生变化（Whitman, 2016）。甚至在英国正式离开欧盟之前，初步研究已经确定了英国国家博物馆部门因英国脱欧而存在的多个不确定领域和潜在变化（博物馆协会，2016）。这包括减少自由流动（Steel， 2017年）和劳动力许可的变化（Mendoza， 2017年）、合作实践、收藏品贸易谈判（大伦敦当局，2018年，第27页）和资金（英国文化协会，2018年）。这一系列的变化可以分为四个关键类别：巡回展览、研究合作、劳动力和资金。这些关键领域预期变化的重要性可以通过以下事实得到证明：这些变化明显受到先前英国与欧盟关系变化的影响（Abraham, Griffin & Crawford, 1999）。当前英国与欧盟关系转型的关键时刻为回顾和评估这种关系在历史上如何影响英国国家博物馆并塑造他们的实践提供了一个绝佳的机会，目的是了解英国博物馆部门如何制定与欧盟的未来联系。通过关注前面提到的三个事件，本博士旨在回答以下研究问题：A) 1991年至2021年期间，英国国家博物馆如何受到英国与欧盟关系变化的影响？更具体地说，博士将寻求答案；1)这三个事件分别如何影响英国国家博物馆与欧盟博物馆和学术机构之间的研究合作？2)在招聘和劳动力方面，这些活动对英国国家博物馆及其专业人员产生了什么影响？3)这三件事对英国国家博物馆安排和执行巡回展览的能力有何影响？4)与英国与欧盟关系变化的三个关键事件相关的资金来源的变化如何为英国国家博物馆及其员工创造机会？通过回答这些问题，这项重要的学术研究将有助于为英国博物馆部门建立一个新的愿景，为未来的政策制定者、博物馆专业人士以及博物馆和遗产研究学者提供信息。本研究与博物馆实践（Janes, 1995）以及更广泛的文化组织变革的不可预测和不确定变化的调查相一致，旨在为调查做出贡献。法尔曼斯（1993）承认，由于博物馆所处的动荡环境，组织变革是不可避免的，这一点得到了启发，同时也受到了当前关于博物馆组织变革的关键学术讨论的启发。它建立在Peakcock (2008), Abraham, Griffin & Crawford（1999）和Mccall & Gray（2014）等学者提供的基础之上。以前，组织变革经常在个别组织的管理方面进行探索。这在james对加拿大Glebow博物馆的调查（james, 1995）和Bagdadli & Paolino（2006）对意大利国家科学技术博物馆（NMST）的调查中都得到了证明。这项博士研究的原创性在于它密切关注三个英国国家博物馆，并通过对组织变革的跨学科调查，努力创造英国国家博物馆部门的图景。

Through a combination of case study and archival research, interviews and focus groups, this interdisciplinary PhD project seeks to investigate how three key events of change in the UK EU relationship, inclusive of the UK's signing of the Maastricht Treaty (1991), Lisbon Treaty (2009) and Brexit (2020), have influenced four pivotal fields of UK national museums' practice: touring exhibitions, research collaborations, funding and workforce.A substantial amount of uncertainty surrounds the future of the UK EU relationship (Hems, 2016, p. 1). Since the vote to leave was passed, the UK's international relationship has started changing (Whitman, 2016). Even before the UK has officially left the EU, preliminary research has identified multiple areas of uncertainty and potential change in the UK's national museums sector due to Brexit (Museums Association, 2016). This includes a reduction of free movement (Steel, 2017) and changes to workforce permits (Mendoza, 2017), collaborative practices, collections trade negotiations (Greater London Authority, 2018, p. 27) and funding (British Council Worldwide, 2018). These series of changes can be grouped under the four key categories of touring exhibitions, research collaborations, workforce and funding. The significance of the expected changes in these key areas is evinced by the fact that these were notably impacted by previous alterations to the UK EU relationship (Abraham, Griffin & Crawford, 1999). The current pivotal moment of transition in the UK EU relationship offers an exceptional opportunity to review and assess how this relationship has historically impacted upon UK national museums and shaped their practice, with the purpose of understanding how the UK museum sector may formulate future connections with the EU.By focusing on the three events previous stated, this PhD aims to answer the following research questions:A) How have UK national museums been affected by the UK EU changing relationship over the period of 1991 2021?More specifically, the PhD will seek to answer;1) How have each of the three events influenced research collaborations between UK national museums and EU museums and academic institutions?2) What impact have these events had on UK national museums and their professionals, in terms of recruitment and workforce?3) How has the ability for UK national museums to arrange and execute touring exhibitions been affected by the three events?4) How have changes to funding sources, related to the three key events of change in UK EU relationship, created opportunities for UK national museums and their employees?Through answering these questions, this vital academic research will aid in establishing a new vision for the UK museums sector, informing future policymakers, museum professionals and Museum and Heritage Studies scholars.This study both aligns with and aims to contribute to investigations into unpredictable and uncertain changes to both museum practice (Janes, 1995) and, more widely, organisational change in cultural organisations. It is both informed by Faermans' (1993) acknowledgement that organisational change is inevitable because of the turbulent environment within which museums exist and inspired by key current academic discussions of organisational change in museums. It builds on the foundations provided by scholars such as Peakcock (2008), Abraham, Griffin & Crawford (1999) and Mccall & Gray (2014). Previously, organisation change has been often explored in regard to the management of individual organisations. This is evidenced in Janes' investigation into the Glebow Museum, Canada (Janes, 1995) or in Bagdadli & Paolino's (2006) investigation of the Italian National Museum of Science and Technology (NMST). This PhD study is original in its close focus on three national UK museums and its effort to create a picture of the UK national museum sector through an interdisciplinary investigation into organisational change.