Intra-Urban Health Assessed by Remote-Sensing and GIS

利用遥感和地理信息系统评估城市内健康状况

• 批准号: 6762522
• 负责人: John R Weeks
• 金额: $ 20.87万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6762522
• 关键词: clinical research; geographic site; health disparity; health economics; human data; information systems; mathematical model; medically underserved population; socioeconomics; socioenvironment; statistics /biometry; telemetry; urban area; vital statistics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project explores the use of remotely sensed imagery and GIS to enhance our understanding of intraurban inequalities in health, using data for the metropolitan area of Accra, Ghana as a study site. The specific aims are as follows: (1) to derive local (neighborhood) measures of health by combining spatially referenced census data, survey data, and vital statistics into a geographic information system (GIS) for metropolitan Accra; (2) to derive local (neighborhood) measures of the built and natural environment through the classification and analysis of data from remotely sensed imagery; (3) to test the hypothesis that health levels in urban places are importantly influenced by the local neighborhood environmental context, including the natural and built environment, the socio-economic composition of the neighborhood's residents, and the location of a neighborhood within the broader urban environment (including its proximity to health clinics and hospitals); (4) to assess the relative contribution of neighborhood environmental context, population composition, and the neighborhood Iocational attributes to health outcomes in metropolitan Accra; (5) to model the interaction among the variables that predict health levels to determine what changes might be introduced into a neighborhood to bring its overall level of health up to a minimally acceptable standard; and (6) to evaluate how well the remotely-sensed data can, on their own as a proxy, model the intra-urban inequalities in health in ways that might lead these data to be used as health monitoring tools. The research involves three major steps: (1) creation of data layers and specification of georeferenced variables to be measured, including data from the 2000 Census, the 1998 and 2003 Demographic and Health Surveys, the 2003 Women's Health in Accra Survey, the 2003 WHO World Health Survey in Ghana, data from the vital statistics for 1999-2001, and a high resolution multispectral satellite image which will be classified according to the Ridd V-I-S model of urban ecology, subsequent to which a set of landscape metrics will be calculated to measure the built and natural environments; (2) statistical analysis to answer the questions posed by our Specific Aims, which will include spatial statistics, regression, and multi-level approaches; and (3) interpretation and dissemination of the results.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目利用加纳阿克拉大都市区的数据作为研究地点，探讨如何使用遥感图像和地理信息系统来增强我们对城市内健康不平等的理解。具体目标如下： (1) 通过将空间参考人口普查数据、调查数据和生命统计数据结合到阿克拉大都市的地理信息系统 (GIS) 中，得出当地（邻里）健康衡量标准； (2) 通过对遥感图像数据进行分类和分析，得出建筑和自然环境的当地（邻近）测量值； （3）检验以下假设：城市地区的健康水平受到当地社区环境背景的重要影响，包括自然和建筑环境、社区居民的社会经济构成以及社区在更广泛的城市环境中的位置（包括其与卫生诊所和医院的距离）； (4) 评估阿克拉大都市邻里环境背景、人口构成和邻里位置属性对健康结果的相对贡献； (5) 对预测健康水平的变量之间的相互作用进行建模，以确定可以向社区引入哪些变化，以使其整体健康水平达到最低可接受的标准； (6) 评估遥感数据本身作为代理的能力如何很好地模拟城市内的健康不平等，从而可能使这些数据用作健康监测工具。 该研究涉及三个主要步骤：(1) 创建数据层和指定要测量的地理参照变量，包括 2000 年人口普查、1998 年和 2003 年人口与健康调查、2003 年阿克拉妇女健康调查、2003 年世界卫生组织加纳世界健康调查的数据、1999-2001 年生命统计数据以及将用于根据 Ridd 分类 城市生态的V-I-S模型，随后将计算一组景观指标来衡量建筑和自然环境； (2) 统计分析，以回答我们的具体目标提出的问题，其中包括空间统计、回归和多层次方法； (3) 结果的解释和传播。