Innovative Training Methods for Improving Work Outcome

提高工作成果的创新培训方法

• 批准号: 6743228
• 负责人: Robert S Kern
• 金额: $ 15.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-11 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6743228
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; chronic disease /disorder; clinical research; cognition; coping; employment /unemployment; human subject; job performance; job satisfaction; learning; mental health services; mood disorders; neuropsychological tests; schizophrenia; self concept; stress; training; vocational guidance; vocational rehabilitation; work site

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The present proposal responds to a program announcement from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) for exploratory/development grants for mental health intervention research, and focuses on work rehabilitation. Chronic unemployment poses a significant problem to the overall health and welfare of persons with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). Even in the most successful supported employment programs, approximately 50 percent of SPMI clients have unsatisfactory job terminations within the first six months of employment. One of the factors contributing to unsatisfactory job termination is poor work performance. The present project will attempt to address this need by developing a job-training manual to be used by job coaches and other persons working with SPMI individuals to assist them in teaching their clients how to perform the duties of their jobs more proficiently. The training intervention to be developed in the manual is based on principles of errorless learning and takes into consideration the neurocognitive processing limitations of many persons with SPMI. In errorless learning, training begins with the simplest, most basic task components where there is a high probability of performance success and proceeds step-wise through a series of graduated training exercises. Errors are minimized by establishing mastery at each step and very gradually introducing more complex components of the to-be-learned task. After completion of the manual, a pilot study will be conducted to test the utility of the training manual as used by job coaches in the community. A sample of forty schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder subjects with identified difficulties in work performance will be included in the pilot study. Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: enhanced support vs. errorless learning. The enhanced support group will receive the same type of job training that they received when they began the job, but will receive additional training to match the time involvement of job coaches in the errorless learning group. Measures of work performance, job tenure, time missed from work, job satisfaction, self-esteem, and job stress will be administered immediately after training and two-weeks, four-weeks, three-months, six-months, and one-year after training. If successful, the manual and training intervention employed in the pilot study will be used in a larger, community-based controlled study. Based on previous data collected in the laboratory and a simulated work environment, the errorless method has promise for helping SPMI clients improve their work performance and perhaps, improve overall employment and personal well being.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案响应一个程序 国家心理健康研究所（NIMH）宣布， 用于心理健康干预研究的探索性/发展赠款，以及 侧重于工作康复。长期失业是一个重要的 严重和持续性精神分裂症患者的整体健康和福利 精神疾病（SPMI）。即使在最成功的支持就业中， 大约50%的SPMI客户的工作不满意 在就业的头六个月内终止。的因素之一 工作表现不佳是造成解雇不令人满意的原因。的 本项目将试图通过开发一种职业培训， 工作指导员和与SPMI一起工作的其他人员使用的手册 协助他们教导他们的客户如何履行职责 他们的工作更熟练。培训干预措施将在 本手册基于无错学习原则， 考虑到许多人的神经认知处理限制， SPMI。在无错学习中，训练从最简单、最基本的任务开始 有很高的性能成功概率的组件， 通过一系列渐进式的培训练习逐步进行。误差 通过在每一步建立掌握和非常逐渐地引入 更复杂的部分。完成后 根据手册，将进行试点研究，以测试培训的效用 社区工作教练使用的手册。40例精神分裂症患者 和情感性精神障碍受试者， 试验性研究将包括业绩。受试者将被随机 被分配到两个组中的一个：增强支持与无错误学习。的 加强支持小组将接受相同类型的工作培训， 在他们开始工作时收到的，但将接受额外的培训，以配合 工作教练在无错学习小组中的时间投入。措施 工作绩效、工作任期、工作缺勤时间、工作满意度、 自尊和工作压力将在培训后立即管理， 训练后两周、四周、三个月、六个月和一年。 如果成功，试点研究中采用的手册和培训干预措施 将被用于一个更大的，以社区为基础的对照研究。基于先前 在实验室和模拟工作环境中收集的数据， 一种无差错的方法有望帮助SPMI客户改进他们的工作 绩效，也许，提高整体就业和个人福祉。