Innovative Training Methods for Improving Work Outcome

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案响应一项计划 国家精神卫生研究所(NIMH)宣布 用于心理健康干预研究的探索性/发展性赠款；以及 以工作康复为重点。长期失业构成了一个重大的 严重和顽固性精神障碍患者的整体健康和福利问题 精神疾病(SPMI)。即使在最成功的支持性就业中 计划中，大约50%的SPMI客户的工作不满意 在受雇后的头六个月内终止雇佣关系。其中一个因素是 工作表现不佳是导致不满意工作终止的原因之一。这个 本项目将试图通过开发职业培训来满足这一需求 供职业教练和其他SPMI工作人员使用的手册 个别人士协助他们教导客户如何履行职责 更熟练地掌握他们的工作。将开展的培训干预 该手册基于无错误学习的原则，并考虑到 考虑到许多患者的神经认知处理限制 SPMI。在无错误的学习中，训练从最简单、最基本的任务开始 性能成功的可能性很高且 通过一系列的渐进式训练练习逐步进行。错误包括 通过在每一步建立掌握并非常逐步地引入 要学习的任务的更复杂的组成部分。在完成后 手册，将进行一项试点研究，以测试培训的效用 社区职业教练使用的手册。精神分裂症患者40例临床分析 和有工作困难的分裂情感障碍受试者 性能将包括在试点研究中。受试者将随机 分配到两组中的一组：增强的支持与无错误的学习。这个 增强的支持小组将接受与他们相同类型的工作培训 在他们开始工作时收到，但将接受额外的培训以匹配 工作教练在无错误学习小组中的时间投入。措施 工作表现、工作年限、缺勤时间、工作满意度、 自尊和工作压力将在培训和培训后立即进行 训练后两周、四周、三个月、六个月和一年。 如果成功，在试点研究中使用的人工和培训干预 将用于一项更大的、基于社区的对照研究。基于以前的 在实验室和模拟工作环境中收集的数据， 无错误方法有望帮助SPMI客户改进他们的工作 表现，也许，改善整体就业和个人福祉。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The present proposal responds to a program announcement from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) for exploratory/development grants for mental health intervention research, and focuses on work rehabilitation. Chronic unemployment poses a significant problem to the overall health and welfare of persons with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). Even in the most successful supported employment programs, approximately 50 percent of SPMI clients have unsatisfactory job terminations within the first six months of employment. One of the factors contributing to unsatisfactory job termination is poor work performance. The present project will attempt to address this need by developing a job-training manual to be used by job coaches and other persons working with SPMI individuals to assist them in teaching their clients how to perform the duties of their jobs more proficiently. The training intervention to be developed in the manual is based on principles of errorless learning and takes into consideration the neurocognitive processing limitations of many persons with SPMI. In errorless learning, training begins with the simplest, most basic task components where there is a high probability of performance success and proceeds step-wise through a series of graduated training exercises. Errors are minimized by establishing mastery at each step and very gradually introducing more complex components of the to-be-learned task. After completion of the manual, a pilot study will be conducted to test the utility of the training manual as used by job coaches in the community. A sample of forty schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder subjects with identified difficulties in work performance will be included in the pilot study. Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: enhanced support vs. errorless learning. The enhanced support group will receive the same type of job training that they received when they began the job, but will receive additional training to match the time involvement of job coaches in the errorless learning group. Measures of work performance, job tenure, time missed from work, job satisfaction, self-esteem, and job stress will be administered immediately after training and two-weeks, four-weeks, three-months, six-months, and one-year after training. If successful, the manual and training intervention employed in the pilot study will be used in a larger, community-based controlled study. Based on previous data collected in the laboratory and a simulated work environment, the errorless method has promise for helping SPMI clients improve their work performance and perhaps, improve overall employment and personal well being.