New Hispanic Communities and HIV Risk

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究采用定性/人种学研究方法，以确定和描述新的西班牙裔移民人口和艾滋病毒的风险在大都会纽约地区，在全国受艾滋病毒/艾滋病和西班牙裔移民的影响最大。 对于这些不断增加且基本上隐藏的人群，既没有准确的人口数据，也没有血清流行率数据。 我们的研究正在覆盖城市、郊区和农村地区的多米尼加人、墨西哥人和中美洲人的新社区。拟议的继续允许完成最初的定性研究，由于时间和预算限制，修改了为期一年的R 01。这包括：（a）完成最初提议的第一年地点（韦斯特切斯特/普特南和萨福克）的人种学实地考察;（B）在剩余的（城市）地点，即北方曼哈顿开展人种学研究;（c）扩大到初步调查结果中确定为重要的邻近地点（罗克兰）。 将对来自目标群体的136名移民和14名主要知情人进行访谈或焦点小组，并进行人种学实地考察和社会绘图。具体而言，本研究旨在描述文化图式对艾滋病毒药物和性相关的风险行为的影响，并比较这些性别和文化组（国籍）。我们探讨如何在纽约地区的三个不同的环境条件下，文化适应和文化与环境的相互作用可能会塑造艾滋病毒相关的风险和保护行为。我们还建议继续描述这些人群目前的流动模式，以及流动性、文化适应和潜在的艾滋病毒传播行为之间的关系。最后，我们将评估这些人群对艾滋病预防服务的态度、感知的需求和获得服务的机会。将查明利用服务的障碍和促进因素，以帮助制定针对这些人群的应对性预防战略。 调查结果将有地方，国家和国际政策，研究和预防规划的效用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study utilizes qualitative/ethnographic research methods to identify and describe new Hispanic immigrant populations and HIV risk in the Metropolitan New York Area, one of the most affected in the nation by HIV/AIDS and Hispanic immigration. Neither accurate population nor sero prevalence data exist for these increasing and largely hidden populations. Our study is reaching new communities of Dominicans, Mexicans and Central Americans in urban, sub-urban and rural locations. The proposed continuation permits completion of the original qualitative study, modified because of time and budgetary constraints of a one-year R01. This involves: (a) completion of the originally proposed ethnographic fieldwork in the Year-one sites (Westchester/Putnam and Suffolk); (b) implementation of ethnographic research in the remaining (urban) site, northern Manhattan; and (c) expansion to an adjoining site identified as important in preliminary findings (Rockland). Interviews or focus groups will be conducted with 136 immigrants from the target groups and 14 key informants, as well as ethnographic fieldwork and social mapping. Specifically, this research seeks to describe the influence of cultural schema on HIV drug- and sex-related risk behaviors and to compare these by sex and culture group (nationality). We explore how cultural adaptations and interactions of culture and environment may shape HIV-related risk and protective behaviors in three different environmental conditions in the New York area. We also propose to continue the description of current mobility patterns of these populations and the relationships among mobility, cultural adaptations and potential HIV transmission behaviors. Finally, we will assess attitudes toward, perceived need of, and access to, HIV prevention services for these populations. Barriers and facilitators to service utilization will be identified to aid in the development of responsive prevention strategies directed at these populations. Findings will have local, national, and international utility for policy, research, and prevention planning.