Cognitive Biases in Social Behavior

社会行为中的认知偏差

• 批准号: 6885479
• 负责人: JULIE A MCGUIRE TURCHIN
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-28 至 2005-06-12
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6885479
• 关键词: attribution; behavioral /social science research tag; bias; clinical research; conflict; decision making; goal oriented behavior; human subject; interpersonal relations; motivation; perception; problem solving; social behavior; social conformity; social psychology; success

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The constant debate, played out in the research literature, on fairness versus self-interest as the primary motivator in negotiations, and on how to properly measure fairness, is inhibiting practical solutions for solving disputes. I intend to show that viewing fairness from the viewpoint of the perceiver, rather than searching for an established and objective standard of fairness, is more useful to the theoretical and practical advancement of our understanding of perceptions and behaviors in the realm of disputes and negotiation. Specifically, my goals for this application are to demonstrate 1) that people differ in their subjective perceptions of situational norms and hence in what constitutes fair behavior in a given context, 2) that people's perceptions and attributions about the fairness of each other's behavior reflect the characteristic biases associated with naive realism biases, 3) that these biases create a barrier to effective conflict resolution, and 4) that reducing these biases will increase the likelihood that a satisfactory solution to a conflict will be reached. By demonstrating this bias and ways to overcome it, I hope to provide both a practical tool for reducing barriers to dispute resolution and a theoretical tool for improving the dialogue about fairness perceptions and behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：在研究文献中，关于公平与自利作为谈判的主要动机，以及如何正确衡量公平的持续辩论，阻碍了解决争端的实际解决方案。我想表明，从感知者的角度看待公平，而不是寻找一个既定的客观公平标准，对我们理解争议和谈判领域的感知和行为的理论和实践进步更有用。具体来说，我的这个应用程序的目标是证明1)人们对情境规范的主观感知不同，因此在给定的环境中什么是公平行为，2)人们对彼此行为的公平性的感知和归因反映了与朴素现实主义偏见相关的特征偏见，3)这些偏见为有效解决冲突创造了障碍，4)减少这些偏见将增加达成令人满意的冲突解决方案的可能性。通过展示这种偏见和克服它的方法，我希望提供一个实用的工具来减少解决争端的障碍，并提供一个理论工具来改善关于公平观念和行为的对话。