Beyond the Standard Model Physics: Theory and Phenomenology

粒子物理学的标准模型现在已经建立起来，作为迄今为止所探索的最小尺度的物理学的一种非常成功的描述。然而，有很多理由相信标准模型是不完整的。暗物质和暗能量的本质仍然是个谜，尽管它们的存在有来自宇宙学和天体物理学的压倒性证据。标准模型中的电弱标度和耦合模式的起源也需要解释。值得注意的是，这些缺点的解决方案往往在我们的实验范围内。本论文的研究方向将是理论粒子物理学，重点是超越标准模型的物理学。本论文的中心问题是：新物理学在哪里，我们将如何找到它？这是一个必然涉及面很广的项目，它的投入来自新的量子场论方法和弦理论，来自新的建模技术以及新的实验结果。在这个问题上可以进行大量的实验--直接和间接探测暗物质、对撞机实验、宇宙学和天体物理测量、轴子探测的小规模实验、引力波测量等等。这篇论文的一部分研究将涉及新物理的实验签名，既有现有的实验，也有目的是设计寻找新物理的新方法。本论文的另一个研究方面将与理论粒子物理正式领域的发展相结合。理论物理学的一个重要新发展是“天鹅湖”的概念。量子引力理论被认为比始终如一的量子场理论更具限制性。在弦理论的背景下，人们认为只有一个唯一的一致理论。然而，这一理论存在大量潜在的解决方案，因此很难得出预测。斯旺兰计划假定弦理论本身的解的数量是有限的。否则，量子引力理论中就不会出现一致的量子场理论。描绘沼泽地的边界是一个活跃的研究领域，在缺乏对弦理论的完全理解的情况下，依赖于我们对它的经验的推断。通常，从斯旺兰条件得到的预测是可检验的，这使得它成为从量子引力获得实验签名的令人兴奋的场所。本论文的研究将驻留在这个令人兴奋的连接形式理论、粒子现象学模型建立和宇宙学的枢纽上。本论文的另一个研究方面将与理论粒子物理学的正式领域的发展相结合。理论物理学的一个重要新发展是“天鹅湖”的概念。量子引力理论被认为比始终如一的量子场理论更具限制性。在弦理论的背景下，人们认为只有一个唯一的一致理论。然而，这一理论存在大量潜在的解决方案，因此很难得出预测。斯旺兰计划假定弦理论本身的解的数量是有限的。否则，量子引力理论中就不会出现一致的量子场理论。描绘沼泽地的边界是一个活跃的研究领域，在缺乏对弦理论的完全理解的情况下，依赖于我们对它的经验的推断。通常，从斯旺兰条件得到的预测是可检验的，这使得它成为从量子引力获得实验签名的令人兴奋的场所。本论文的研究将驻留在这个令人兴奋的连接形式理论、粒子现象学模型建立和宇宙学之间的枢纽。

The Standard Model of particle physics is now established as a remarkably successful description of physics at the smallest scales probed so far. However, there are many reasons to believe that the Standard Model is incomplete. The nature of dark matter and dark energy remains mysterious, even as their existence has overwhelming evidence from cosmology and astrophysics. The origin of the electroweak scale and patterns of couplings in the Standard Model also call for an explanation. Remarkably, solutions to these shortcomings are often within our experimental reach. The research in this thesis will be in theoretical particle physics, focusing on physics beyond the Standard Model.The central question for this thesis is: Where is new physics, and how will we find it? This is a necessarily wide-ranging enterprise, with inputs from new quantum field theory methods and string theory, from new model building techniques as well as new experimental results. A large number of experiments can be brought to bear on this question - direct and indirect detection for dark matter, collider experiments, cosmological and astrophysical measurements, small scale experiments for axion detection, gravitational wave measurements to name a few. A part of the research in this thesis will engage with experimental signatures of new physics, both in existing experiments as well as with an aim to design new ways to look for new physics.Another aspect of research for this thesis will interface with developments in formal areas of theoretical particle physics. A key new development in theoretical physics is the idea of the Swampland. The theory of quantum gravity is thought to be much more restrictive than consistent quantum field theories. In the context of string theory, it is thought that there is only one unique consistent theory. However, there are a large number of potential solutions of this theory, making it hard to derive predictions. The Swampland program posits that the number of solutions of string theory themselves are limited. Otherwise consistent quantum field theories do not arise in theories of quantum gravity. Delineating the boundary of the Swampland is an active field of research, and in the absence of a complete understanding of string theory relies on extrapolating our experience with it. Often, the predictions derived from Swampland conditions are testable, making it an exciting venue for deriving experimental signatures from quantum gravity.The research in this thesis will reside in this exciting hub of connections between formal theory, particle phenomenology model building and cosmology.Another aspect of research for this thesis will interface with developments in formal areas of theoretical particle physics. A key new development in theoretical physics is the idea of the Swampland. The theory of quantum gravity is thought to be much more restrictive than consistent quantum field theories. In the context of string theory, it is thought that there is only one unique consistent theory. However, there are a large number of potential solutions of this theory, making it hard to derive predictions. The Swampland program posits that the number of solutions of string theory themselves are limited. Otherwise consistent quantum field theories do not arise in theories of quantum gravity. Delineating the boundary of the Swampland is an active field of research, and in the absence of a complete understanding of string theory relies on extrapolating our experience with it. Often, the predictions derived from Swampland conditions are testable, making it an exciting venue for deriving experimental signatures from quantum gravity.The research in this thesis will reside in this exciting hub of connections between formal theory, particle phenomenology model building and cosmology.