Effects of Genes and Environment on Depression and Panic

描述(申请人提供)：这项研究将使用一对双胞胎的遗传信息样本，研究童年环境和家庭背景因素、创伤事件和遗传效应对抑郁症、恐慌症和恐慌症发展的共同贡献。探索基因和环境之间的相互作用可以成为干预研究的重要工具。确定环境因素对疾病后期表现的最大影响的发育阶段有助于确定更精确和潜在有效的点，以便进行早期预防或干预努力。这项建议的目的是(1)研究早期创伤暴露与抑郁症发生之间的关系，考虑性别、创伤类型和首次创伤年龄的影响；(2)确定与早期创伤暴露风险增加相关的家庭背景因素，并确定早期创伤暴露和相关家庭背景因素对抑郁风险的贡献；(3)研究创伤、家庭背景因素和遗传效应对抑郁症风险的联合贡献；(4)研究家庭背景因素、创伤事件和基因效应对抑郁症、恐慌症发作和恐慌症风险的不同影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This dissertation research will examine the joint contributions of childhood environment and family background factors, traumatic events, and genetic effects to the development of depression, panic attacks, and panic disorder using a genetically informative sample of twins. Exploration of the interplay between genes and environment can be an important tool for intervention research. Identifying developmental stages where environmental factors can have the greatest effect on later expression of disorder can aid in identification of more precise and potentially effective points for early prevention or intervention efforts. The aims of this proposal are (1) to examine associations between early trauma exposure and development of depression, considering effects of gender, type of trauma, and age at first trauma, (2) to identify family background factors associated with increased risk of early trauma exposure, and to determine contributions of early trauma exposure and correlated family background factors to risk for depression, (3) to examine the joint contributions of trauma, family background factors, and genetic effects on risk for depression, (4) to examine the differential effects of family background factors, traumatic events, and genetic effects on risk for depression, panic attacks, and panic disorder.