Organization of the Trichromatic Cone Mosaic

描述(申请人提供)：我们感兴趣的是锥体马赛克的三个锥体类别是如何排列的，遗传学如何指导这个组织，以及来自锥体的信号是如何处理的，最终提供我们对颜色的感知。最近，自适应光学被用来获得活体锥体马赛克的高分辨率图像。这项提议的目的是利用这一新技术来解决上述问题。为了研究这三类视锥的排列，我们将检查一些正常男性的视锥马赛克在一些不同的视网膜位置。到目前为止，这种技术只被用于少数几个对象，尽管随着最近的改进，这种方法变得越来越实用。色觉缺陷女性携带者的L与M视锥细胞的比率将被检测，以帮助评估X-失活在形成视锥细胞马赛克中的作用。最后，为了了解来自不同锥体类型的信号是如何利用的，我们将使用自适应光学刺激活着的人眼中的单个光感受器，并确定在单个锥体感光器中量子捕捉产生的视觉感觉。这将在受试者身上完成，对于这些受试者，我们也有他们的锥体马赛克的表征，以便能够选择性地刺激特定类别的锥体。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We are interested in how the three cone classes of the cone mosaic are arranged, how genetics steers this organization, and how signals from the cones are processed to ultimately provide our perception of color. Recently, adaptive optics has been used to obtain high-resolution images of the cone mosaic in vivo. The purpose of this proposal is to exploit this new technique to address the above questions. In order to investigate the arrangement of the three cone classes, we will examine the cone mosaic at a number of different retinal locations for a number of color normal males. To date, this technique has only been used on a small number of subjects, though with recent improvements, the method is becoming more and more practical. The ratio of L to M cones in female carriers of color vision defects will be examined to help assess the role of X-inactivation in forming the cone mosaic. Finally, in an effort to understand how the signals from the different cone types are utilized, we will stimulate single photoreceptors in the living human eye using adaptive optics and determine the visual sensations that arise from quantum catches in single cone photoreceptors. This will be done in subjects for whom we also have a representation of their cone mosaic, to be able to selectively stimulate cones from a particular class.