Genetic and Social Determinants of Psychological Distress by time and place: evidence from the U.K. British Birth Cohorts, SHARE and PISA

这个项目探索了社会和遗传因素在心理痛苦的时间和地点的变化或稳定中所起的作用。研究1的重点是使用PISA数据集来了解2018年72个国家的心理困扰结果是否存在同质的社会梯度，其中包括约50万15至16岁的青少年。本研究使用横断面大数据，使用Meta分析方法更好地了解情境的流行度和异质性。研究二使用了1946年、1958年、1970年和2000年的英国出生队列，以更好地了解遗传在年龄、队列的心理困扰倾向变化中所起的作用，以及这种变化是否在社会梯度上波动。这项研究使用纵向和遗传流行病学的方法，梳理出自1946年以来，环境在多大程度上导致了英国人心理痛苦的增加，这说明了遗传易感性。研究3使用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查来探索2004至2020年间27个欧洲国家约30,000名老年人心理健康的分布变化。本研究采用横断面和纵向两种研究方法。横断面GAMLSS被用来更好地了解年龄、国家和社会经济风险因素对心理困扰的位置、规模和形态的影响。随着时间的推移，各国将探索心理痛苦的纵向稳定性或变化。

This project explores the role social and genetic factors play in changes or stability of psychological distress across time and place. Study 1 focuses on using the PISA dataset to understand whether there is a homogenous social gradient in psychological distress outcomes across 72 countries including ~500,000 15- to 16-year-olds in 2018. This study uses cross-sectional big data to better understand the prevalence and heterogeneity of contexts using meta-analysis methods. Study 2 uses the U.K. British Birth Cohorts from 1946, 1958, 1970 and 2000 to better understand the role genetics play in changes in psychological distress liability by age, cohort and whether this fluctuates on a social gradient. This study uses longitudinal and genetic epidemiology methods to tease out how much the environment is contributing to increased psychological distress in the British population since 1946, when accounting for genetic predisposition. Study 3 uses the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to explore distributional changes in ~30,000 older people's mental health across 27 European countries between 2004 and 2020. This study utilises both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Cross-sectionally GAMLSS are used to better understand the location, scale and shape of psychological distress by age, country and socioeconomic risk factors. Longitudinally stability or change in psychological distress will be explored over time by country.