Rex rebellis to courtly knight: King Arthur in the medieval Brittonic traditions

这个项目将提供亚瑟的数字在布雷东，康沃尔语，和威尔士传统，c.800-c.1500的第一个比较分析，解决的影响，并暗示，他从雷克斯rebellis到宫廷骑士的转变。虽然最近的批评作品，如亚瑟在凯尔特语言（2019）提供了亚瑟在每个地理区域不断变化的形象的单独概述，没有提供一个综合的，历时的研究，他在中世纪的布列塔尼，康沃尔和威尔士的介绍。在某种程度上，这些文化最初都有着共同的民间叙事，随后接受并回应了同样范围的亚瑟王材料，如亚瑟王传奇和《不列颠王国历史》。这项工作将提出如何以及为什么亚瑟的性格被操纵的中世纪作家从整个不列颠世界在整个时期的第一次审查。因此，它既为亚瑟王研究提供了原创性的贡献，也为更广泛地对中世纪学者至关重要的问题进行了重新思考，特别是方言和拉丁语的凯尔特文学之间的关系，以及这些文学与英国和法国更好地研究的浪漫文学之间的关系。为了突出每个地区亚瑟王传统之间的相似性和细微差别，来源被分为三个时间组：c.800-c.1138，1139-c.1300和c.1300-c.1500。本文共分四章。第一章将考察第一个年代组中的前加尔弗里底亚的布立吞亚瑟王资料。第二章至第四章将讨论约1500年前的后加尔弗烈德时代的文献，以关于亚瑟王元素从不列颠人传到英格兰和法国，然后再传回来的学术研究为基础，但提出了一个原始的、细致入微的分析：在不列颠人的故事似乎影响了古法语和盎格鲁-诺曼亚瑟王文学（反之亦然）的地方，布雷东、康沃尔语和威尔士传统将被区分开来。因此，这个项目将加强我们对古法语或盎格鲁-诺曼文本和“凯尔特”传统之间的接触的理解。通过澄清和阐明每个布列塔尼地区的描绘亚瑟（和亚瑟王叙事）的细微差别，这项研究将有助于更广泛的古法语和中古英语文学奖学金，在那里模糊定义的单词“凯尔特”经常被不加区别地用来指任何神奇或神秘元素的不确定来源-这篇论文将有助于解决的问题。通过并列和区分威尔士，康沃尔和布列塔尼在整个中世纪的细微差别亚瑟王传统，这项工作将有助于重新构建学术假设，并告知这些地区的个人文化遗产和身份的广泛看法。

This project will offer the first comparative analysis of the figure of King Arthur in Breton, Cornish, and Welsh traditions, c.800-c.1500, addressing the influences on, and implications of, his transformation from rex rebellis to courtly knight. Although recent critical works like Arthur in the Celtic Languages (2019) offer separate overviews of Arthur's changing image in each geographical area, none has provided a synthetic, diachronic study of his presentation across medieval Brittany, Cornwall, and Wales. These cultures initially, to an extent, shared a common stock of folk narratives, subsequently receiving and reacting to the same range of Arthurian material, such as Arthurian romances and the Historia Regum Britanniae. This work will present the first scrutiny of how and why Arthur's character was manipulated by medieval writers from throughout the Brittonic world across the period. It thus offers both an original contribution to Arthurian studies, and a reconsideration of questions of vital interest to medievalists more broadly, especially the relationship between Celtic literatures in the vernacular and in Latin, and between these and the better-studied romance literatures of England and France. To highlight the similarities between, and nuances of, each area's Arthurian traditions, sources are organized into three chronological groups: c.800-c.1138, 1139-c.1300, and c.1300-c.1500. This thesis will have four chapters. Chapter One will examine the pre-Galfridian Brittonic Arthurian sources in the first chronological group. Chapters Two to Four will treat the post-Galfridian sources until c.1500, building on scholarship concerning the transmission of Arthurian elements from the Britons, to England and France, and back, but presenting an original, nuanced analysis: where Brittonic tales seem to have influenced Old French and Anglo-Norman Arthurian literature (or vice versa), the Breton, Cornish, and Welsh traditions will be differentiated. This project will thus enhance our understanding of engagement between Old French or Anglo-Norman texts and 'Celtic' traditions. By clarifying and elucidating the nuances of each Brittonic area's portrayals of Arthur (and Arthurian narrative), this research will contribute more broadly to Old French and Middle English literary scholarship, where the hazily-defined word 'Celtic' is often used indiscriminately to refer to the uncertain origins of any magical or mysterious elements - a problem that this thesis will help to address. Through both juxtaposing and differentiating the nuanced Arthurian traditions of Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany throughout the Middle Ages, this work will help to reframe scholarly assumptions about, and inform widespread perceptions of, these areas' individual cultural heritages and identities.