Rex rebellis to courtly knight: King Arthur in the medieval Brittonic traditions

该项目将首次对公元800年布列塔尼、康沃尔和威尔士传统中亚瑟王的形象进行比较分析。1500年，讲述了他从暴民到宫廷骑士的转变对他的影响和影响。尽管最近的批评性作品，如《凯尔特语言中的亚瑟》（2019），对亚瑟在每个地理区域不断变化的形象进行了单独的概述，但没有一部作品对他在中世纪布列塔尼、康沃尔和威尔士的表现进行了综合的、历时性的研究。在某种程度上，这些文化最初分享了共同的民间叙事，随后接受并回应了同样范围的亚瑟王材料，如亚瑟王传奇和《不列颠帝国史》。这部作品将首次展示亚瑟王的角色是如何以及为什么被整个不列颠世界的中世纪作家操纵的。因此，它既为亚瑟王研究提供了原创性的贡献，也为中世纪学者更广泛地重新思考了一些至关重要的问题，尤其是白话和拉丁语的凯尔特文学之间的关系，以及它们与研究得更好的英国和法国浪漫文学之间的关系。为了突出每个地区亚瑟王传统之间的相似之处和细微差别，资料被分为三个时间组：c.800-c。1138年,1139 - c。1300年到1500年。本文共分为四章。第一章将在第一个时间组中检查前加尔弗里德不列颠亚瑟王的资料。第二章到第四章将讨论后加尔弗里德时期的资料，直到公元1500年，建立在关于亚瑟王元素从不列颠人传播到英格兰和法国的学术基础上，但提出了一个原始的、细致入微的分析：在不列颠故事似乎影响了古法国和盎格鲁-诺曼亚瑟王文学（反之亦然）的地方，布列塔尼、康沃尔和威尔士的传统将被区分开来。因此，这个项目将加强我们对古法语或盎格鲁-诺曼文本与“凯尔特”传统之间关系的理解。通过澄清和阐明每个不列颠地区对亚瑟王的描绘（以及亚瑟王叙事）的细微差别，这项研究将对古法语和中古英语文学学术做出更广泛的贡献，在古法语和中古英语文学学术中，定义模糊的“凯尔特”一词经常被不加区分地用于指代任何魔法或神秘元素的不确定起源——这是本论文将有助于解决的一个问题。通过并置和区分中世纪威尔士、康沃尔和布列塔尼细微的亚瑟王传统，这项工作将有助于重新构建关于这些地区的个人文化遗产和身份的学术假设，并告知广泛的看法。

This project will offer the first comparative analysis of the figure of King Arthur in Breton, Cornish, and Welsh traditions, c.800-c.1500, addressing the influences on, and implications of, his transformation from rex rebellis to courtly knight. Although recent critical works like Arthur in the Celtic Languages (2019) offer separate overviews of Arthur's changing image in each geographical area, none has provided a synthetic, diachronic study of his presentation across medieval Brittany, Cornwall, and Wales. These cultures initially, to an extent, shared a common stock of folk narratives, subsequently receiving and reacting to the same range of Arthurian material, such as Arthurian romances and the Historia Regum Britanniae. This work will present the first scrutiny of how and why Arthur's character was manipulated by medieval writers from throughout the Brittonic world across the period. It thus offers both an original contribution to Arthurian studies, and a reconsideration of questions of vital interest to medievalists more broadly, especially the relationship between Celtic literatures in the vernacular and in Latin, and between these and the better-studied romance literatures of England and France. To highlight the similarities between, and nuances of, each area's Arthurian traditions, sources are organized into three chronological groups: c.800-c.1138, 1139-c.1300, and c.1300-c.1500. This thesis will have four chapters. Chapter One will examine the pre-Galfridian Brittonic Arthurian sources in the first chronological group. Chapters Two to Four will treat the post-Galfridian sources until c.1500, building on scholarship concerning the transmission of Arthurian elements from the Britons, to England and France, and back, but presenting an original, nuanced analysis: where Brittonic tales seem to have influenced Old French and Anglo-Norman Arthurian literature (or vice versa), the Breton, Cornish, and Welsh traditions will be differentiated. This project will thus enhance our understanding of engagement between Old French or Anglo-Norman texts and 'Celtic' traditions. By clarifying and elucidating the nuances of each Brittonic area's portrayals of Arthur (and Arthurian narrative), this research will contribute more broadly to Old French and Middle English literary scholarship, where the hazily-defined word 'Celtic' is often used indiscriminately to refer to the uncertain origins of any magical or mysterious elements - a problem that this thesis will help to address. Through both juxtaposing and differentiating the nuanced Arthurian traditions of Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany throughout the Middle Ages, this work will help to reframe scholarly assumptions about, and inform widespread perceptions of, these areas' individual cultural heritages and identities.