States and "Pro-Government" Militias (PGMs): Delegation, Deniability, Acquiescence or Antagonism? Explaining Variation in State-PGM Relationships

国家和“亲政府”民兵（PGM）：授权、推诿、默许还是对抗？

• 批准号: 2432759
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2432759
• 关键词: States; Pro; Government; Militias; PGMs

"This PhD research project proposes to investigate complexity and variation in state-PGM relationships. There is a growing body of empirical analyses on extra-dyadic actors that refers to "pro-government militias" (PGMs), conceived broadly as non-state armed organizations that are pro-government in some way. Because these groups are defined by their "pro-government" orientation, researchers often assume that governments directly or indirectly manage or delegate tasks to PGMs. However, a closer inspection reveals a variety of relationships with the state. Militias such as the Civilian Defence Patrols in Guatemala enjoyed semi-official status as a government-led and mandated counterinsurgent organization. Others like the Janjaweed in Sudan have operated in an informal capacity that allowed the government to disavow itself of their actions. Elsewhere, governments have had an antagonistic relationship with PGMs and even militarily targeted them, such as the Iraqi government with the Sons of Iraq. In addition, government-PGM relations can shift over time. Research has not systematically addressed these variations in state-PGM relationships.Taking Northern Ireland, the Philippines, and Colombia as comparative case studies, this research will examine the nuanced relationships between the state and counterinsurgent paramilitaries (such as the Ulster Volunteer Force, Citizens Armed Forces Geographical Units, and Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia) and how and why these relationships vary between cases and over time.This project will contribute to our understanding of state-PGM relationships by providing theories that explain variations in government-PGM relationships, from open state-led paramilitaries through to hostile engagement between the state and counter-insurgency organisations."

“这个博士研究项目旨在调查国家与PGM关系的复杂性和变化。越来越多的关于非国家武装组织的实证分析涉及“亲政府民兵”（PGM），广泛地被认为是在某种程度上亲政府的非国家武装组织。由于这些团体是由其“亲政府”取向定义的，研究人员经常假设政府直接或间接地支持政府。 管理任务或将任务委托给 PGM。然而，仔细观察就会发现与国家的各种关系。危地马拉民防巡逻队等民兵作为政府领导和授权的反叛乱组织享有半官方地位。其他组织，如苏丹的金戈威德民兵，则以非正式身份开展活动，允许政府否认其行动。在其他地方，政府与铂族金属存在敌对关系，甚至 军事上针对他们，例如伊拉克政府和伊拉克之子。此外，政府与铂族金属的关系可能会随着时间的推移而发生变化。研究尚未系统地解决国家与PGM关系中的这些差异。以北爱尔兰、菲律宾和哥伦比亚作为比较案例研究，本研究将探讨国家与反叛乱准军事部队（例如阿尔斯特志愿军、公民武装部队）之间的微妙关系。 地理单位和哥伦比亚联合自卫队）以及这些关系如何以及为何因情况和时间而变化。该项目将通过提供解释政府与PGM关系变化的理论，从开放的国家领导的准军事部队到国家与反叛乱组织之间的敌对接触，将有助于我们对国家与PGM关系的理解。