Organization of the Trichromatic Cone Mosaic

描述（由申请人提供）：我们感兴趣的是锥体马赛克的三种锥体是如何排列的，基因是如何引导这种组织的，以及来自锥体的信号是如何被处理以最终提供我们对颜色的感知的。近年来，自适应光学已被用于获得体内锥体镶嵌的高分辨率图像。本建议的目的是利用这种新技术来解决上述问题。为了研究这三种视锥细胞的排列，我们将在一些颜色正常的雄性视网膜的不同位置检查视锥细胞的镶嵌。到目前为止，这项技术只用于少数科目，尽管最近的改进，该方法正变得越来越实用。在色觉缺陷的女性携带者中，L和M视锥细胞的比例将被检测，以帮助评估x失活在形成视锥细胞镶嵌中的作用。最后，为了理解来自不同视锥细胞类型的信号是如何被利用的，我们将使用自适应光学刺激活体人眼中的单个光感受器，并确定单个视锥细胞光感受器中量子捕获产生的视觉感觉。这将在实验对象身上进行，我们也有他们的视锥细胞镶嵌的表征，能够选择性地刺激来自特定类别的视锥细胞。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We are interested in how the three cone classes of the cone mosaic are arranged, how genetics steers this organization, and how signals from the cones are processed to ultimately provide our perception of color. Recently, adaptive optics has been used to obtain high-resolution images of the cone mosaic in vivo. The purpose of this proposal is to exploit this new technique to address the above questions. In order to investigate the arrangement of the three cone classes, we will examine the cone mosaic at a number of different retinal locations for a number of color normal males. To date, this technique has only been used on a small number of subjects, though with recent improvements, the method is becoming more and more practical. The ratio of L to M cones in female carriers of color vision defects will be examined to help assess the role of X-inactivation in forming the cone mosaic. Finally, in an effort to understand how the signals from the different cone types are utilized, we will stimulate single photoreceptors in the living human eye using adaptive optics and determine the visual sensations that arise from quantum catches in single cone photoreceptors. This will be done in subjects for whom we also have a representation of their cone mosaic, to be able to selectively stimulate cones from a particular class.