Particle Impact Deposition for the Manufacture of Next Generation Electroceramics

粒子冲击沉积（Particle Impact Deposition，AD）是一种新型的固态镀膜技术，利用超音速气体射流将微细粒子加速到高速并冲击到衬底上，从而形成薄的功能性晶片/薄膜。冲击速度需要超过取决于材料和工艺的临界速度，以使颗粒变形并将其粘附到基材上。所生产的薄膜可应用于微致动器和传感器、热电发电机、超导体、燃料电池、电池和磁性材料中的组件。该技术提供了优于传统热喷涂技术的优点，例如，对于氧/温度敏感材料的沉积的稳定性。然而，冲击和保持的效率低，并且获得期望的膜性质的条件没有被很好地理解，限制了该技术的发展。在该项目中，计划对微米级颗粒的撞击动力学进行建模和实验相结合的工作。其目的是获得一个更好的理解的机制，颗粒的影响和膜形成过程中的沉积过程中的颗粒的影响和变形和实验工作的验证建模。项目成果将有助于识别、控制和修改对沉积过程的效率和所生产薄膜的质量产生不利影响的因素（材料和/或工艺相关因素）。这有助于加强后两者，这反过来又可以导致更广泛的工业使用的技术。

Particle impact deposition (AD) is a new solid-state coating technique by which fine particles are accelerated to high velocities by a supersonic gas jet and impacted onto a substrate to build up a thin functional wafer/film. The impact velocity needs to exceed a material- and process-dependent critical velocity to deform particles and adhere them to the substrate. The produced film has applications in micro-actuators and components in sensors, thermoelectric generators, superconductors, fuel cells, batteries and magnetic materials. The technique offers advantages over traditional thermal spray techniques, e.g. stability for the deposition of oxygen/temperature-sensitive materials. However, the efficiency of impingement and retention is low and the conditions for attaining desirable film properties are not well-understood, limiting the development of the technique. In this project, a combined modelling and experimental work on the impact dynamics of micrometre-sized particles is planned. The aim is to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms of particle impact and film formation during the deposition process by modelling of particle impact and deformation and experimental work for validation. The project outcome will help identify, control and modify the factors (material and/or process-related) that adversely affect the efficiency of the deposition process and quality of the produced films. This contributes to the enhancement of the latter two, which in turn can lead to the more widespread industrial use of the technique.