Pathogenic viruses of bees and aphids: Are plants a common reservoir?

第1-2年利用卫斯理和其他皇家动物卫生和科学部门遗址和剑桥大学植物园的生物多样性，以发现和研究植物、蚜虫、蜜蜂(蜜蜂和许多大黄蜂和独居蜜蜂)以及与蚜虫相关的昆虫(耕作蚜虫的蚂蚁、寄生蜂、瓢虫)中的双亲病毒的多样性。方法将包括使用DicistroVirus特异性引物的逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)来检测DicistroVirus的存在并对其进行测序。建立麦长管蚜病毒培养物(1-2岁)我们将在WP1a调查的蚜虫中建立携带麦长管蚜病毒的植物种群。双胞菌病毒水平地在蚜虫之间传播，穿过植物，或垂直传播给后代(Banet al.2007、2008)，协助建立受感染的种群。第3年-分析双胞菌病毒对蚜虫的表现、行为、存活和与寄主植物的相互作用以及植物病毒传播的影响我们将确定控制引起蚜虫的双胞菌病毒在昆虫中致病的能力的病毒序列，并利用植物作为宿主。如果拟南芥是一个储存库(WP2A)，我们将使用突变群体的无偏筛选，或专注于支持病毒移动的特定基因来识别调节DicistroVirus驻留的植物基因(Chang等人。2016)。

Years 1-2 Exploit the biodiversity of Wisley and other RHS sites and Cambridge University Botanic Garden to discover examine the diversity of dicistroviruses in plants, aphids, bees (honeybees and many bumblebees and solitary bees), and aphid-associated insects (aphid-farming ants, parasitoid wasps, ladybirds). Methods will include reverse transcription PCR with dicistrovirus-specific primers to detect and sequence dicistroviruses present. Establish cultures of aphid-pathogenic dicistroviruses (Years 1-2) We will establish dicistrovirus-carrying aphid and plant populations from aphids surveyed in WP1A. Dicistroviruses pass horizontally between aphids, through plants, or vertically to offspring (Ban et al. 2007, 2008), facilitating the establishment of infected stocks. Year 3 - Analyse effects of dicistroviruses on aphid performance, behaviour, survival and interactions with host plants and transmission of plant viruses We will identify viral sequences controlling the ability of aphid-pathogenic dicistroviruses to cause disease in insects and exploit plants as reservoirs. If Arabidopsis is a reservoir (WP2A) we will identify plant genes conditioning dicistrovirus residency using either unbiased screens of mutagenized populations, or focusing on specific genes known to support virus movement (Chang et al. 2016).