Environmental and intra/interspecific approaches to nutrient security - Fruit for the UK's food security.

直接或间接影响食品供应或价格、食品安全和营养成分的政策和法规影响消费者的食品选择，并最终影响其饮食的营养质量。国际贸易对向英国消费者提供水果和蔬菜至关重要。已经制定了不同的贸易方案，以评估对英国和非英国农业食品商品采购平衡和营养摄入的影响。然而，营养素摄入量的估计是使用营养成分数据表计算的，这很少是准确的。可能改变食物营养成分的因素包括：1)不同品种间营养成分的差异；2)影响生长速度和产量的当地农艺因素和天气条件；3)农艺做法。为了适应这些误差来源，通常将数据库中的值折算10-25%，然而，这种适度的折算仍然可能高估营养摄入量。该项目将调查英国水果和蔬菜的营养缺口以及影响营养摄入量的主要营养挑战。作为第五大消费水果，草莓将被用作示范作物。该项目的目的是：研究遗传变异。变异不仅要在商品品种上确定，而且要在作图群体上确定。研究结果将有助于育种者选择营养丰富的品种；确定本地生产和进口草莓的差异，这将影响季节性的营养摄入量。例如，水果的维生素C含量经常在储存和运输过程中下降；确定农艺措施对营养成分的影响。将在商业生产现场进行受控环境实验和调查；了解英国营养水平的脆弱性（通过贸易分析统计确定-准备中的文件）和英国食品安全与所确定的不同微量营养素水平有关。

Policies and regulations that directly or indirectly affect the supply or prices of food products, their safety and nutritional composition influence the food choices consumers make and, ultimately, the nutritional quality of their diets. International trade has been critical in providing UK consumers with fruit and vegetable. Different trade scenarios have been developed to assess the impact on the balance of UK and non-UK sourcing of agricultural food commodities and the nutrient intake. However, the estimates of nutrient intakes are calculated using nutrient composition datasheets which are seldom accurate. Among the factors that may alter the nutrient composition of a food are: i) variation among cultivars in nutrient contents, ii) local agronomic factors and weather conditions that affect growth rate and yield, iii) agronomic practices. To accommodate these sources of error, it is common to discount the values in the databases by 10-25%, however, such modest discounts may still overestimate nutrient intakes. This project will investigate the nutritional gaps in UK fruit and vegetables and the key nutritional challenges influencing nutrient intakes. Strawberries, the fifth most consumed fruit, will be used as a model crop.The project aims are to: investigate genetic variability. The variability will be determined not only on commercial cultivars but as well on mapping populations. The results will help to assist breeders in selecting nutrient-dense cultivars; determine the differences between locally produced and imported strawberries, which will affect the seasonal nutrient intake. For instance, vitamin C content of fruit is often found to decrease upon storage and transportation; determine the effect of agronomic practices nutrient content. Controlled environment experiments and a survey across commercial production sites will be carried out; understand the vulnerabilities in nutrient levels in the UK (identified via trade analysis statistics - paper in preparation) and UK food security in relation to the different levels of micronutrients identified.