Beyond the Standard Model Paradigms of Particle Physics

摘要：这项研究的动机是粒子物理学中悬而未决的大问题：宇宙暗物质含量的性质、物质的起源（与重子-反重子不对称有关）和中微子质量的起源。许多超出标准模型（SM）的扩展已经被提出来解决这些问题。他们预测了地面实验中可观察到的特征，特别是在粒子对撞机上，比如欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机。SM的大部分延伸都包含类似暗光子的粒子，轴子或类轴子粒子，以及惰性中微子，所有这些都具有非常有趣的性质。这个博士研究项目的研究重点将是与已知粒子相比寿命更长的基本粒子；所谓的长寿命粒子（llp）由于技术原因，这种llp很难检测到，特别是在粒子对撞机实验中的高能碰撞中，但在其他实验中可能更容易发现和研究。在这个项目中，学生将超越通过高能对撞机实验发现重大开放问题答案的标准范例，通过在其他环境中研究新物理学。特别关注的将是宇宙射线产生的llp，以及通过暗物质和中微子实验检测它们，但也可能是未来的对撞机实验。

Abstract: The research is motivated by the big open questions ofParticle Physics: the nature of the dark matter content of the universe,the origin of the matter (connected to the baryon-antibaryonasymmetry), and the origin of neutrino masses. Many extensionsbeyond the Standard Model (SM) have been proposed to addressthese questions. They predict observable signatures in terrestrialexperiments, in particular at particle colliders like the Large HadronCollider at CERN. Most of these extensions of the SM contain particleslike dark photons, axions or axion-like particles, and sterile neutrinos,all of which have very interesting properties.The research focus of this PhD research project will be on elementaryparticles with lifetimes that are long compared to the known particles;so-called long-lived particles (LLPs). Such LLPs are very difficult todetect for technical reasons, especially in high-energy collisions inparticle collider experiments, but may be more easily discovered andstudied in other experiments.In the project the student will go beyond the standard paradigm ofdiscovering the answer to the big open questions via high-energycollider experiments, by investigating New Physics also in otherenvironments. Particular focus will be on cosmic-ray-produced LLPsand their detection via dark matter and neutrino experiments, but alsoon possible future collider experiments.