Beyond the Standard Model Paradigms of Particle Physics

摘要：这项研究是由粒子物理学的重大悬而未决的问题推动的：宇宙中暗物质内容的性质，物质的起源(与重子-反重子不对称有关)，以及中微子质量的起源。为了解决这些问题，人们提出了许多超越标准模型(SM)的扩展。他们预测，在地面实验中，特别是在粒子对撞机上，如欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机，可以观察到信号。这些SM扩展中的大多数包含类暗光子、轴子或类轴子粒子以及稀有中微子，所有这些都具有非常有趣的性质。这次PHD研究项目的研究重点将放在寿命比已知粒子长的元素粒子上，即所谓的长寿命粒子(LLP)。由于技术原因，这种LLP很难被发现，特别是在粒子对撞机实验中的高能碰撞中，但在其他实验中可能更容易被发现和研究。在这个项目中，学生将超越通过高能对撞机实验发现大型开放问题的答案的标准范式，通过在其他环境中研究新物理。特别关注的将是宇宙射线产生的低密度脂蛋白及其通过暗物质和中微子实验进行探测，但未来可能进行对撞机实验。

Abstract: The research is motivated by the big open questions ofParticle Physics: the nature of the dark matter content of the universe,the origin of the matter (connected to the baryon-antibaryonasymmetry), and the origin of neutrino masses. Many extensionsbeyond the Standard Model (SM) have been proposed to addressthese questions. They predict observable signatures in terrestrialexperiments, in particular at particle colliders like the Large HadronCollider at CERN. Most of these extensions of the SM contain particleslike dark photons, axions or axion-like particles, and sterile neutrinos,all of which have very interesting properties.The research focus of this PhD research project will be on elementaryparticles with lifetimes that are long compared to the known particles;so-called long-lived particles (LLPs). Such LLPs are very difficult todetect for technical reasons, especially in high-energy collisions inparticle collider experiments, but may be more easily discovered andstudied in other experiments.In the project the student will go beyond the standard paradigm ofdiscovering the answer to the big open questions via high-energycollider experiments, by investigating New Physics also in otherenvironments. Particular focus will be on cosmic-ray-produced LLPsand their detection via dark matter and neutrino experiments, but alsoon possible future collider experiments.