Heart Disease Risk Factors In African Americans

肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病的特征在于对作为葡萄糖调节激素的胰岛素的抵抗。非裔美国人，特别是非裔美国妇女，不成比例地患有这三种疾病。我们认为对胰岛素敏感性的性别差异？这种抑制脂肪分解的能力加速了非裔美国妇女肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病的发展。这项研究的假设是，非洲裔美国人对胰岛素作为葡萄糖调节激素和胰岛素作为脂肪调节激素有抵抗力。相比之下，非裔美国妇女对胰岛素作为葡萄糖调节激素有抵抗力，但对胰岛素作为脂肪调节激素敏感。频繁采样的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验用于测量胰岛素？作为一种糖调节激素的作用。不幸的是没有胰岛素的指数？作为脂肪调节激素的作用。因此，我们正在通过在频繁采样的葡萄糖耐量试验中获得游离脂肪酸来开发该指数。我们的目标是能够做一个测试，以获得有关胰岛素两种作用的信息。然而，在频繁采样的静脉内葡萄糖耐量试验期间游离脂肪酸对胰岛素敏感性的指数的开发涉及复杂的数学建模，并且需要进行验证。当我们致力于开发这个指数时，我们研究了非裔美国人体内脂肪含量和分布的性别差异。身体脂肪的分布对胰岛素和身体脂肪之间的相互作用有重大影响。我们使用连续切片计算机断层扫描和双能X线吸收测定法（DXA）确定了非裔美国人的中心体脂肪分布存在性别差异。这些研究结果将发表在2002年11月的《美国临床营养学杂志》上。此外，我们发现，β细胞分泌胰岛素受损的肥胖葡萄糖不耐受的非洲裔美国妇女和这项工作发表在糖尿病护理在2001年。现在，我们正集中于在频繁采样的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验中游离脂肪酸谱的性别差异。其目的是，通过复杂的建模过程，游离脂肪酸的作用将导致游离脂肪酸对胰岛素敏感性指数的发展。该指数的发展是必要的，以便研究假设可以得到充分的检验。

Obesity, diabetes and heart disease are characterized by resistance to insulin as a glucoregulatory hormone. African Americans, particularly African American women suffer disproportionately from these three conditions. We believe that sex differences in sensitivity to insulin?s ability to suppress lipolysis contribute to the accelerated development of obesity, diabetes and heart disease in African American women. The hypothesis of this research is that African American men are resistant to insulin as a glucoregulatory hormone and resistant to insulin as a fat regulatory hormone. In contrast, African American women are resistant to insulin as a glucoregulatory hormone but sensitive to insulin as a fat regulatory hormone. The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test is used to measure insulin?s action as a glucoregulatory hormone. Unfortunately there is no index of insulin?s action as a fat regulatory hormone. Hence we are working on the development of this index by obtaining free fatty acids during the frequently sampled glucose tolerance test. Our goal is be able to do one test to obtain information about both actions of insulin. However, the development of an index of free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test involves sophisticated mathematical modeling and will need to be validated. As we work towards developing this index, we have studied sex differences in body fat content and distribution in African Americans. The distribution of body fat has a major impact on the interaction between insulin and body fat. We determined using serial slice computerized tomographic scans and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) that there are sex differences in central body fat distribution in African Americans. These findings will be published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in November 2002. In addition, we have found that beta cell secretion of insulin is impaired in obese glucose intolerant African American women and this work was published in Diabetes Care in 2001. Now we are concentrating on sex differences in the free fatty acid profile during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. It is the intent that this free fatty acid work through the complicated process of modeling will lead to the development of an index of free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin. The development of this index is required so the research hypotheses can be fully tested.