Modelling the Diverse Implications of Autonomous Mobility at the City Scale
模拟城市规模自主出行的不同影响
基本信息
- 批准号:2443631
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Studentship
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2020 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The automation of urban transportation systems has the potential to significantly impact the human experience of cities. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) - from private cars, to shared taxis, and buses - promise improved traffic efficiency and road safety yet raise questions around their effect on the urban realm and the changing nature of human-vehicle interaction. The implementation of wholly autonomous mobility systems furthermore presents policy challenges in relation to access, design, and vehicle ownership. This PhD project will take on these broader implications of autonomous mobility, using agent-based modelling (ABM) to explore the spatial, social, and policy implications of AVs at the urban scale. The first phase of the research will be to define a set of scenarios for autonomous mobility. The nature of AVs means these scenarios might range from conventional perspectives to quite radical new visions on urban mobility. This project will address how these different planning and policy scenarios might manifest in different outcomes for the city. The scenarios space might include the following, but will be more formally sketched out during the first year of study:- Vehicle ownership models (e.g. shared, personal).- Autonomous multimodal mix, including different visions for integration and segregation, and the role of future modes (e.g. personal aviation).- Multimodal, integrated ticketing and payment systems (i.e. Mobility as a Service).- Constraints and pricing on vehicle use either applied zonally, by mode, or other means.- Policy measures targeted at specific populations.The second underpinning theme of the PhD will be a set of evaluation measures that capture the implications of AVs on urban systems and society. During this stage it will be important to consider the wide-reaching effects of autonomous mobility on established social systems. Again, we are interested in both conventional and radical perspectives on these implications. In relation to the varying system configurations described above, these implications might include:- Changes in spatial flows, traffic density, and demand for parking.- Changes in service performance and travel times, differentiated by population characteristics (e.g. by demographic group, deprived populations).- Displacement of vehicle emissions and environmental burdens.- Changes in accessibility to different locations, services, and opportunities (e.g. health, education, commerce) brought on by mobility system changes.- Changes in the experienced city, including the impact on community cohesion, tranquillity, happiness, and so on.These models of mobility will be constructed using agent-based modelling, which will enable the exploration of scenarios at fine spatial and population scales. Within an ABM in place, in partnership with stakeholder, we will explore policy and urban design solutions aimed at maximising the benefits of autonomous mobility for the city and its citizens. By building ABMs of mobility at the urban scale, innovative solutions towards the inherent computational challenges can also be expected to be an output of the research. The PhD project will interface with and benefit from the vast array of research into agent-based modelling, urban analytics, and future mobility ongoing in the School of Geography, Institute for Transport Studies, and Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA).
城市交通系统的自动化有可能显著影响城市的人类体验。自动驾驶汽车(AVs)--从私家车到共享出租车和公交车--承诺提高交通效率和道路安全,但也引发了人们对它们对城市领域的影响以及人与车互动不断变化的性质的质疑。此外,完全自主移动系统的实施还带来了与接入、设计和车辆所有权有关的政策挑战。这个PHD项目将利用基于主体的建模(ABM)来探讨城市规模的AVS的空间、社会和政策影响,从而对自主流动性的这些更广泛的影响进行研究。研究的第一阶段将是定义一套自主移动的场景。AVS的性质意味着,这些情景可能从传统视角到关于城市流动性的相当激进的新愿景。这个项目将解决这些不同的规划和政策情景如何在城市的不同结果中体现出来。情景空间可能包括以下内容,但将在第一年的研究中更正式地勾勒出:-车辆所有权模式(例如,共享、个人)。-自主多式联运组合,包括对整合和隔离的不同愿景,以及未来模式(例如,个人航空)的作用。-多式联运、综合票务和支付系统(即,移动即服务)。-对车辆使用的限制和定价,无论是按地区、按模式应用,-针对特定人群的政策措施。博士学位的第二个支撑主题将是一套评估措施,这些措施反映了志愿人员对城市系统和社会的影响。在这个阶段,重要的是要考虑到自主流动对既定社会制度的广泛影响。再一次,我们对这些影响的传统和激进观点都感兴趣。对于上述不同的系统配置,这些影响可能包括:-空间流量、交通密度和停车需求的变化。-服务性能和出行时间的变化,由人口特征(例如,人口群体、贫困人口)区分。-车辆排放的置换和环境负担。-由于移动系统的变化,不同位置、服务和机会(例如,健康、教育、商业)的可达性的变化。-经验丰富的城市的变化,包括对社区凝聚力、宁静、幸福等的影响。这些移动性模型将使用基于代理的建模来构建,这将使在精细的空间和人口尺度上探索情景成为可能。在现有的ABM框架内,我们将与利益相关者合作,探索旨在最大限度地为城市及其公民带来自主机动性好处的政策和城市设计解决方案。通过在城市规模上建立机动性的ABM,针对固有的计算挑战的创新解决方案也有望成为研究的成果。该博士项目将与地理学院、交通研究所和利兹数据分析研究所(LIDA)正在进行的大量基于主体的建模、城市分析和未来机动性的研究对接并从中受益。
项目成果
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其他文献
吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
- DOI:
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- 影响因子:0
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
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