Bioeffects of Gas Body Activation in Medical Ultrasound

超出所提供的空间。.超声造影剂具有独特的安全性问题，这是由超声脉冲与造影剂中的回声气体相互作用引起的。我们研究的假设是，造影剂辅助诊断超声（CADU）在临床条件下可能造成医学上显著的伤害。我们的研究揭示了CADU在体内外的生物学效应，如点状出血、心肌细胞损伤和组织纤维化。设计了三个具体目标来研究CADU的生物效应问题：1。探索CADU生物效应的基本生物物理学和剂量学，以解决以下问题：（i）细胞损伤和死亡的途径（ii）气体体不稳定与生物效应的关系（iii）为什么细胞悬液和单层的阈值如此不同，以及（iv）体外和体内细胞效应如何相关。2.解决心肌声学造影（MCE）的风险问题。研究指出了几个安全性问题，包括（i）MCE如何导致心肌细胞损失，（ii）损伤的频率依赖性是否与机械指数有关，（iii）不同超声检查方法的相对风险，以及（iv）MCE与心脏病缺血再灌注损伤之间可能的相互作用。3.在放射诊断中检查对CADU敏感的组织。这些包括（i）肿瘤转移增强的可能性，（ii）CADU对肝脏的生物效应，（iii）肾脏肾单位损伤的参数范围，（iv）肾单位损伤的后果和（v）CADU对肾功能的影响。拟定研究的基本原理是，充分了解CADU的潜在生物效应将导致临床安全性指导和避免医学上的重大伤害。实现特定目标将为CADU的超声心动图和放射学应用中的风险分析创建全面的知识库，有助于确保患者的最佳安全性。通俗语言：造影剂的发明是为了通过向血液中注入小气泡来增强超声图像。在获得批准后，对动物的研究揭示了在制作图像时超声与气泡相互作用引起的一系列微妙的生物效应，包括心脏和肾脏中的小血管和细胞损伤。该项目将研究细胞和组织中的生物效应，为超声造影剂在诊断成像中的安全使用提供数据和指导。性能现场=

EXCEED THE SPACE PROVIDED. . Ultrasound contrast agents have a unique safety concern caused by the interaction of ultrasound pulses with the echogenic gas bodies in the agents. The hypothesis of our research is that contrast aided diagnostic ultrasound (CADU) can cause medically significant harm under clinical conditions. Our research has revealed CADU biological effects in vitro and in vivo, such as petechial hemorrhage, cardiomyocyte injury and tissue fibrosis. The three specific aims are designed to examine the CADU bioeffects problem: 1. Explore basic biophysics and dosimetry of CADU bioeffects to resolve questions about (i) pathways of cell injury and death (ii) the relation of gas body destabilization to bioeffects (iii) why thresholds are so disparate for cell suspensions and monolayers, and (iv) how in vitro and in vivo cellular effects are related. 2. Resolve risk issues for myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). Research has pointed to several safety issues including (i) how MCE leads to the loss of cardiomyocytes, (ii) whether the frequency dependence of injury relates to the Mechanical Index, (iii) the relative risks of different sonography methods, and (iv) the possible interaction between MCE and ischemia-reperfusion injury in heart disease. 3. Examine tissues with sensitivity to CADU in radiological diagnosis. These include (i) a potential for metastasis enhancement from tumors, (ii) bioeffects of CADU on liver, (iii) ranges of parameters for kidney nephron injury, (iv) the consequences of nephron injury and (v) the effects of CADU in kidney function. The rationale for the proposed research is that full understanding of the potential bioeffects from CADU will lead to clinical safety guidance and avoidance of medically significant harm. Achieving the specific aims will create a comprehensive knowledge base for risk analysis in echocardiography and radiological applications of CADU helping assure an optimum safety profile for the patient. Lay language: Contrast media have been invented to enhance ultrasound images by injecting small gas bubbles into the blood. After approval, research in animals has revealed a range of subtle bioeffects caused by the ultrasound interaction with the bubbles when making images, including small hemorrhages and cellular injury in the heart and kidneys. This project will examine bioeffects in cells and tissues to provide data and guidance for safe use of ultrasound contrast agents in diagnostic imaging. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================