The making of a global arboretum: the case of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

这是一个由皇家霍洛威(地理系)和邱园(图书馆、艺术和档案馆)监督的协作主义奖。植物园是景观管理、科学、园艺、艺术和吸引游客的特殊场所。这个项目直接回应了当前学术研究人员、景观设计师和更广泛的园艺爱好者对重新解释这种景观的兴趣。该项目旨在调查Kew皇家植物园的树木园的历史，并考虑这一320英亩的场地对世界各地的树木、树木栽培和植物学的影响。Kew的树木园从18世纪皇家收藏的少量外来植物和木材发展成为世界上最广泛和与全球联系最广泛的树木园之一，拥有约14,000棵树，2000多个品种，由100多名工作人员照料。这是一种新型的科学植物园，旨在为研究人员和更广泛的公众提供卓越的中心。它的进化是新一代“科学园艺家”、植物学家、树木收集者和管理者之间合作的结果。作为一个档案丰富但很少被研究的遗址，它为研究树木的演变和意义提供了一个宝贵的机会。历史地理学家和科学史学家最近的研究(Elliott，Watkins&Daniels，2016)确立了一个令人兴奋的新议程，重新思考木本植物的历史角色，超越了传统上强调主要设计师和管理者(如Loudon或Paxton)考虑更广泛的关于收藏、园艺实验和景观实践的问题。在这种情况下，令人惊讶的是，人们对Kew的树木收藏的起源、设计、使用和影响知之甚少。对Kew植物园的调查显然有可能为我们提供对树木采集、园艺和植物学世界的新见解，以及我们如何以及为什么重视树木作为一个社会。研究问题：(1)在植物学、园艺和植物采集世界不断扩大的背景下，Kew的植物园是如何从19世纪40年代开始发展起来的？尤其是，当时有哪些重要的树种被带到Kew，谁是推动收集和改变的有影响力的人？(2)科学园艺实践是如何演变成一种专业的，它是如何结合实用知识、实验、研究和培训的？(3)植物园及其收藏的优先事项如何随着时间的推移而变化，这如何反映我们与科学和自然界不断变化的关系？(4)Kew的植物园和工作人员对园艺实践和景观设计的全球地理有什么影响？

This is a Collaborative Doctroral Award supervised at Royal Holloway (Dept of Geography) and Kew Gardens (Library, Art & Archives).Arboreta are special places where landscape management, science, horticulture, art, and visitor attraction meet. This project responds directly to current interest in the reinterpretation of such landscapes amongst academic researchers, landscape designers and the wider community of horticultural enthusiasts. The project seeks to investigate the history of the arboretum at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and to consider the influence of this 320-acre site on arboreta, arboriculture and botany across the world.The arboretum at Kew developed from a small 18th-century royal collection of 'exotics' and timber trees to one of the most extensive and globally-connected arboreta in the world, with around 14,000 trees of over 2,000 species, cared for by over a hundred staff. It was one of a new type of scientific arboretum, designed as a centre of excellence for researchers as well as for the enjoyment of a wider public. Its evolution was the result of collaboration between a new breed of 'scientific horticulturists', botanists, tree collectors and managers. As a richly-archived, though little-studied site, it offers a valuable opportunity for research into the evolution and significance of arboreta.Arboreta have received relatively little attention from historians. Recent research by historical geographers and historians of science (Elliott, Watkins & Daniels, 2016) has established an exciting new agenda for re-thinking the historical role of arboreta, going beyond the conventional emphasis on key designers and administrators (such as Loudon or Paxton) to consider wider questions concerning collecting, horticultural experiment and landscape practice. In this context, surprisingly little is known about the origins, design, use and impact of the tree collections at Kew. An investigation of Kew's arboretum has clear potential to offer new insights into the worlds of tree collecting, horticulture and botany, and how and why we value trees as a society.Research questions:(1) How did the arboretum at Kew develop from the 1840s in the context of the expanding worlds of botany, horticulture, and plant collecting? In particular, what were the significant tree species being brought to Kew at this time and who were the influential people driving collecting and change?(2) How did the practice of scientific horticulture evolve into a profession, and how did it combine practical knowledge, experimentation, research and training?(3) How have priorities for the arboretum and its collections changed over time and how does this reflect our changing relationship with science and the natural world?(4) What influence have Kew's arboretum and staff had on the global geographies of horticultural practice and landscape design?