A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL SUCCESS FACTORS WHEN IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL CARBON TAX POLICIES

对实施国家碳税政策时潜在成功因素的批判性调查

• 批准号: 2444452
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2444452
• 关键词: CRITICAL; INVESTIGATION; POTENTIAL; SUCCESS; FACTORS

It is becoming ever more apparent that society faces an increasing number of threatening environmental challenges (OECD, 2011). With the growing number of real-world events linked to global warming, such as the 0.9 degrees Celsius increase in global temperatures since the 19th century and an eight (8) inch rise in sea levels in the last 100 years (NASA, n.d.), it is clear to see the importance of making real progress towards decarbonisation and assessment of methods to achieve this is necessary. Although it is often assumed that protecting the environment and continued economic development are naturally opposed (Jackson, 2013) it is essential that it is understood how these objectives can be simultaneously fulfilled. Pricing carbon is considered by many one as of the best policy instruments to achieve these objectives, and yet, governments have used it sparingly (OECD, 2017). The world bank (2019) states that "[t]here is a growing consensus among both governments and businesses on the fundamental role of carbon pricing in the transition to a decarbonized economy", suggesting that the role of carbon taxation could be key to global decarbonisation. Additionally, the heightened attention towards the environment was highlighted in the recent British political debates, with the main parties quoting new net zero deadlines, such as that of the Conservative party, suggesting 2050 (The Conservative and Unionist Party , 2019), with carbon tax being mentioned as a specific policy point in the Green Party manifesto (Green Party, 2019). This leaves us with an important puzzle: What factors contribute to the successful, or unsuccessful, implementation of a carbon tax?

越来越明显的是，社会面临越来越多的威胁性环境挑战（经合组织，2011年）。随着越来越多的现实世界事件与全球变暖有关，如自19世纪世纪以来全球气温上升0.9摄氏度，以及过去100年海平面上升8英寸（美国宇航局，北卡罗来纳州），很明显，在脱碳方面取得真实的进展是重要的，评估实现这一目标的方法是必要的。虽然人们通常认为保护环境和持续的经济发展是自然对立的（杰克逊，2013年），但理解如何同时实现这些目标至关重要。碳定价被许多人认为是实现这些目标的最佳政策工具，然而，各国政府很少使用它（经合组织，2017）。世界银行（2019年）指出，“政府和企业越来越多地就碳定价在向脱碳经济过渡中的基本作用达成共识”，这表明碳税的作用可能是全球脱碳的关键。此外，对环境的高度关注在最近的英国政治辩论中得到了强调，主要政党引用了新的净零截止日期，例如保守党，建议2050年（保守党和统一党，2019年），碳税被提到作为绿色党宣言中的一个具体政策点（绿色党，2019年）。这给我们留下了一个重要的难题：什么因素有助于成功或不成功地实施碳税？