Making 'Cypriotness': Exclusion, Belonging and Legacies of Violence for Young Turkish Cypriot Men

塞浦路斯是一个陷入停火的岛屿，自1974年以来在种族、政治和社会上分裂。在日常生活中，这两部分作为独立的实体运作，但在国际上，讲土耳其语的北部被认为是塞浦路斯共和国的被占领地区。作为一个未得到承认的国家，北方塞浦路斯土耳其共和国（“北塞浦路斯土耳其共和国”）存在于国际法律的、经济和政治制度之外，使其青年“没有能够适当地转化为国际惯例公认条款的'身份'”（Navaro-Yashin 2003：114）。拟议的项目将调查没有战争经历的第一代土族塞人，重点是当地的男子气概、种族和归属观念。缺乏公认的国家地位与国际妖魔化，历史暴力，经济禁运和地理孤立相吻合，为青年创造了社会政治陷阱。土族塞人的边缘化经历值得特别关注，因为在这一冲突后局势中，分裂和不稳定的情况根深蒂固。这项研究将建立在对北塞浦路斯土耳其共和国两个城市莱夫科萨和吉尔内进行长期人种学实地考察以及对联合王国大学进行短期访问的基础上，以确定关于暴力的思想如何塑造或渗透年轻人的身份、主体性和与机构的交往。通过关注年轻男性而不是男性和女性，我希望探讨暴力的遗产和缺乏公认的国家地位如何在冲突后社会中告知男性，以及这对当前和未来的暴力意味着什么。该项目旨在让土族塞人和希族塞人都有机会开始同情他们的“兄弟”，努力逐步将彼此重新视为邻居而不是敌人，从而使正在进行的统一谈判更有可能达成令两族都满意的结论。

Cyprus is an island caught in a ceasefire, divided ethnically, politically and socially since 1974. In daily life, the two halves function as separate entities but internationally, the Turkish-speaking north is considered to an occupied region of the Republic of Cyprus. As an unrecognised state, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ('TRNC') exists outside of international legal, economic and political systems, leaving its youth with "no 'identity' that can be properly translated into accepted terms of international practice" (Navaro-Yashin 2003: 114). The proposed project will investigate the first generation of Turkish Cypriots without lived experience of the war, focusing on local ideas of masculinity, ethnicity, and belonging. The lack of recognised nationhood coincides with international demonisation, historical violence, economic embargoes, and geographic isolation to create a context of socio-political entrapment for youth. Turkish Cypriot experiences of marginalisation warrant particular attention due to the entrenchment of division and precarity in this post-conflict landscape. The research will build on a period of extended ethnographic fieldwork in two cities in the TRNC, Lefkosa and Girne, as well as short visits to UK universities, to identify the ways in which ideas about violence shape or permeate young people's identities, subjectivities and engagements with institutions. By focusing on young men rather than both men and women, I hope to explore how the legacies of violence and lack of recognised statehood inform masculinities in a post-conflict society, and what this means for current and future violence. This project aims to give both Turkish and Greek Cypriots an opportunity to start empathising with their 'Other', working towards a gradual reconceptualization of each other as neighbours rather than enemies and so making the ongoing reunification talks more likely to reach a conclusion that satisfies both communities.